# Numa

[![CI](https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa/actions)
[![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/numa.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/numa)
[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)

**DNS you own. Everywhere you go.** — [numa.rs](https://numa.rs)

A portable DNS resolver in a single binary. Block ads on any network, name your local services (`frontend.numa`), and override any hostname with auto-revert — all from your laptop, no cloud account or Raspberry Pi required.

Built from scratch in Rust. Zero DNS libraries. RFC 1035 wire protocol parsed by hand. Caching, ad blocking, and local service domains out of the box. Optional recursive resolution from root nameservers with full DNSSEC chain-of-trust validation, plus a DNS-over-TLS listener for encrypted client connections (iOS Private DNS, systemd-resolved, etc.). One ~8MB binary, everything embedded.

![Numa dashboard](assets/hero-demo.gif)

## Quick Start

```bash
# macOS
brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa

# Linux
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/razvandimescu/numa/main/install.sh | sh

# Arch Linux (AUR)
yay -S numa-git

# Windows — download from GitHub Releases
# All platforms
cargo install numa

# Docker
docker run -d --name numa --network host ghcr.io/razvandimescu/numa
```

```bash
sudo numa                              # run in foreground (port 53 requires root/admin)
```

Open the dashboard: **http://numa.numa** (or `http://localhost:5380`)

Set as system DNS:

| Platform | Install | Uninstall |
|----------|---------|-----------|
| macOS | `sudo numa install` | `sudo numa uninstall` |
| Linux | `sudo numa install` | `sudo numa uninstall` |
| Windows | `numa install` (admin) + reboot | `numa uninstall` (admin) + reboot |

On macOS and Linux, numa runs as a system service (launchd/systemd). On Windows, numa auto-starts on login via registry.

## Local Services

Name your dev services instead of remembering port numbers:

```bash
curl -X POST localhost:5380/services \
  -d '{"name":"frontend","target_port":5173}'
```

Now `https://frontend.numa` works in your browser — green lock, valid cert, WebSocket passthrough for HMR. No mkcert, no nginx, no `/etc/hosts`.

Add path-based routing (`app.numa/api → :5001`), share services across machines via LAN discovery, or configure everything in [`numa.toml`](numa.toml).

## Ad Blocking & Privacy

385K+ domains blocked via [Hagezi Pro](https://github.com/hagezi/dns-blocklists). Works on any network — coffee shops, hotels, airports. Travels with your laptop.

Three resolution modes:

- **`forward`** (default) — transparent proxy to your existing system DNS. Everything works as before, just with caching and ad blocking on top. Captive portals, VPNs, corporate DNS — all respected.
- **`recursive`** — resolve directly from root nameservers. No upstream dependency, no single entity sees your full query pattern. Add `[dnssec] enabled = true` for full chain-of-trust validation.
- **`auto`** — probe root servers on startup, recursive if reachable, encrypted DoH fallback if blocked.

DNSSEC validates the full chain of trust: RRSIG signatures, DNSKEY verification, DS delegation, NSEC/NSEC3 denial proofs. [Read how it works →](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dnssec-from-scratch.html)

**DNS-over-TLS listener** (RFC 7858) — accept encrypted queries on port 853 from strict clients like iOS Private DNS, systemd-resolved, or stubby. Two modes:

- **Self-signed** (default) — numa generates a local CA automatically. `numa install` adds it to the system trust store on macOS, Linux (Debian/Ubuntu, Fedora/RHEL/SUSE, Arch), and Windows. On iOS, install the `.mobileconfig` from `numa setup-phone`. Firefox keeps its own NSS store and ignores the system one — trust the CA there manually if you need HTTPS for `.numa` services in Firefox.
- **Bring-your-own cert** — point `[dot] cert_path` / `key_path` at a publicly-trusted cert (e.g., Let's Encrypt via DNS-01 challenge on a domain pointing at your numa instance). Clients connect without any trust-store setup — same UX as AdGuard Home or Cloudflare `1.1.1.1`.

ALPN `"dot"` is advertised and enforced in both modes; a handshake with mismatched ALPN is rejected as a cross-protocol confusion defense.

**Phone setup** — point your iPhone or Android at Numa in one step:

```bash
numa setup-phone
```

Prints a QR code. Scan it, install the profile, toggle certificate trust — your phone's DNS now routes through Numa over TLS. Requires `[mobile] enabled = true` in `numa.toml`.

## LAN Discovery

Run Numa on multiple machines. They find each other automatically via mDNS:

```
Machine A (192.168.1.5)              Machine B (192.168.1.20)
┌──────────────────────┐             ┌──────────────────────┐
│ Numa                 │    mDNS     │ Numa                 │
│  - api (port 8000)   │◄───────────►│  - grafana (3000)    │
│  - frontend (5173)   │  discovery  │                      │
└──────────────────────┘             └──────────────────────┘
```

From Machine B: `curl http://api.numa` → proxied to Machine A's port 8000. Enable with `numa lan on`.

**Hub mode**: run one instance with `bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:53"` and point other devices' DNS to it — they get ad blocking + `.numa` resolution without installing anything.

## Docker

```bash
# Recommended — host networking (Linux)
docker run -d --name numa --network host ghcr.io/razvandimescu/numa

# Port mapping (macOS/Windows Docker Desktop)
docker run -d --name numa -p 53:53/udp -p 53:53/tcp -p 5380:5380 ghcr.io/razvandimescu/numa
```

Dashboard at `http://localhost:5380`. The image binds the API and proxy to `0.0.0.0` by default. Override with a custom config:

```bash
docker run -d --name numa --network host \
  -v /path/to/numa.toml:/root/.config/numa/numa.toml \
  ghcr.io/razvandimescu/numa
```

Multi-arch: `linux/amd64` and `linux/arm64`.

## How It Compares

| | Pi-hole | AdGuard Home | Unbound | Numa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local service proxy + auto TLS | — | — | — | `.numa` domains, HTTPS, WebSocket |
| LAN service discovery | — | — | — | mDNS, zero config |
| Developer overrides (REST API) | — | — | — | Auto-revert, scriptable |
| Recursive resolver | — | — | Yes | Yes, with SRTT selection |
| DNSSEC validation | — | — | Yes | Yes (RSA, ECDSA, Ed25519) |
| Ad blocking | Yes | Yes | — | 385K+ domains |
| Web admin UI | Full | Full | — | Dashboard |
| Encrypted upstream (DoH/DoT) | Needs cloudflared | DoH only | DoT only | DoH + DoT (`tls://`) |
| Encrypted clients (DoT listener) | Needs stunnel sidecar | Yes | Yes | Native (RFC 7858) |
| DoH server endpoint | — | Yes | — | Yes (RFC 8484) |
| Request hedging | — | — | — | All protocols (UDP, DoH, DoT) |
| Serve-stale + prefetch | — | — | Prefetch at 90% TTL | RFC 8767, prefetch at 90% TTL |
| Conditional forwarding | — | Yes | Yes | Yes (per-suffix rules) |
| Portable (laptop) | No (appliance) | No (appliance) | Server | Single binary, macOS/Linux/Windows |
| Community maturity | 56K stars, 10 years | 33K stars | 20 years | New |

## Performance

0.1ms cached queries — matches Unbound and AdGuard Home. Wire-level cache stores raw bytes with in-place TTL patching. Request hedging eliminates p99 spikes: cold recursive p99 538ms vs Unbound 748ms (−28%), σ 4× tighter. [Benchmarks →](benches/)

## Learn More

- [Blog: DNS-over-TLS from Scratch in Rust](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dot-from-scratch.html)
- [Blog: Implementing DNSSEC from Scratch in Rust](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dnssec-from-scratch.html)
- [Blog: I Built a DNS Resolver from Scratch](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dns-from-scratch.html)
- [Configuration reference](numa.toml) — all options documented inline
- [REST API](src/api.rs) — 27 endpoints across overrides, cache, blocking, services, diagnostics

## Roadmap

- [x] DNS forwarding, caching, ad blocking, developer overrides
- [x] `.numa` local domains — auto TLS, path routing, WebSocket proxy
- [x] LAN service discovery — mDNS, cross-machine DNS + proxy
- [x] DNS-over-HTTPS — encrypted upstream + server endpoint (RFC 8484)
- [x] DNS-over-TLS — encrypted client listener (RFC 7858) + upstream forwarding (`tls://`)
- [x] Recursive resolution + DNSSEC — chain-of-trust, NSEC/NSEC3
- [x] SRTT-based nameserver selection
- [x] Multi-forwarder failover — multiple upstreams with SRTT ranking, fallback pool
- [x] Request hedging — parallel requests rescue packet loss and tail latency (all protocols)
- [x] Serve-stale + prefetch — RFC 8767, background refresh at <10% TTL and on stale serve
- [x] Conditional forwarding — per-suffix rules for split-horizon DNS (Tailscale, VPNs)
- [x] Cache warming — proactive resolution for configured domains
- [x] Mobile onboarding — `setup-phone` QR flow, mobile API, mobileconfig profiles
- [ ] pkarr integration — self-sovereign DNS via Mainline DHT
- [ ] Global `.numa` names — DHT-backed, no registrar

## License

MIT
