README.md

@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ From Machine B: `curl http://api.numa` → proxied to Machine A's port 8000. Ena
 - [x] DNS-over-TLS listener — encrypted client connections (RFC 7858, ALPN strict)
 - [x] Recursive resolution + DNSSEC — chain-of-trust, NSEC/NSEC3
 - [x] SRTT-based nameserver selection
+- [x] Multi-forwarder failover — multiple upstreams with SRTT ranking, fallback pool
+- [x] Cache warming — proactive resolution for configured domains
 - [x] Mobile onboarding — `setup-phone` QR flow, mobile API, mobileconfig profiles
 - [ ] pkarr integration — self-sovereign DNS via Mainline DHT
 - [ ] Global `.numa` names — DHT-backed, no registrar

numa.toml

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ api_port = 5380
 # [upstream]
 # mode = "forward"                              # "forward" (default) — relay to upstream
 #                                               # "recursive" — resolve from root hints (no address needed)
+# address = "9.9.9.9"                           # single upstream (plain UDP)
+# address = ["192.168.1.1", "9.9.9.9:5353"]    # multiple upstreams — SRTT picks fastest
 # address = "https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query"   # DNS-over-HTTPS (encrypted)
-# address = "https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query"  # Cloudflare DoH
-# address = "9.9.9.9"                           # plain UDP
-# port = 53                                     # only for forward mode, plain UDP
+# fallback = ["8.8.8.8", "1.1.1.1"]            # tried only when all primaries fail
+# port = 53                                     # default port for addresses without :port
 # timeout_ms = 3000
 # root_hints = [                                # only used in recursive mode
 #     "198.41.0.4",      # a.root-servers.net (Verisign)
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ api_port = 5380
 max_entries = 10000
 min_ttl = 60
 max_ttl = 86400
+# warm = ["google.com", "github.com"]  # resolve at startup, refresh before TTL expiry
 
 [proxy]
 enabled = true
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ tld = "numa"
 
 # DNS-over-TLS listener (RFC 7858) — encrypted DNS on port 853
 # [dot]
-# enabled = false             # opt-in: accept DoT queries
+# enabled = true              # on by default; set false to disable
 # port = 853                  # standard DoT port
 # bind_addr = "0.0.0.0"       # IPv4 or IPv6; unspecified binds all interfaces
 # cert_path = "/etc/numa/dot.crt"  # PEM cert; omit to use self-signed (proxy CA if available)

site/blog-template.html

@@ -298,7 +298,5 @@ $body$
   <a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
 </footer>
 
-<script data-goatcounter="https://razvandimescu.goatcounter.com/count"
-        async src="//gc.zgo.at/count.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>

site/blog/index.html

@@ -197,7 +197,5 @@ body::before {
   <a href="/">Home</a>
 </footer>
 
-<script data-goatcounter="https://razvandimescu.goatcounter.com/count"
-        async src="//gc.zgo.at/count.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>

site/index.html

@@ -1769,7 +1769,5 @@ const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
 document.querySelectorAll('.reveal').forEach(el => observer.observe(el));
 </script>
 
-<script data-goatcounter="https://razvandimescu.goatcounter.com/count"
-        async src="//gc.zgo.at/count.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>

src/config.rs

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ pub struct DnssecConfig {
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct DotConfig {
-    #[serde(default)]
+    #[serde(default = "default_dot_enabled")]
     pub enabled: bool,
     #[serde(default = "default_dot_port")]
     pub port: u16,
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ pub struct DotConfig {
 impl Default for DotConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         DotConfig {
-            enabled: false,
+            enabled: default_dot_enabled(),
             port: default_dot_port(),
             bind_addr: default_dot_bind_addr(),
             cert_path: None,
@@ -437,6 +437,9 @@ impl Default for DotConfig {
     }
 }
 
+fn default_dot_enabled() -> bool {
+    true
+}
 fn default_dot_port() -> u16 {
     853
 }

src/ctx.rs

@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ pub async fn resolve_query(
                 300,
             ));
             (resp, QueryPath::Local, DnssecStatus::Indeterminate)
+        } else if let Some(records) = ctx.zone_map.get(qname.as_str()).and_then(|m| m.get(&qtype)) {
+            let mut resp = DnsPacket::response_from(&query, ResultCode::NOERROR);
+            resp.answers = records.clone();
+            (resp, QueryPath::Local, DnssecStatus::Indeterminate)
         } else if is_special_use_domain(&qname) {
             // RFC 6761/8880: private PTR, DDR, NAT64 — answer locally
             let resp = special_use_response(&query, &qname, qtype);
@@ -158,10 +162,6 @@ pub async fn resolve_query(
                 60,
             ));
             (resp, QueryPath::Blocked, DnssecStatus::Indeterminate)
-        } else if let Some(records) = ctx.zone_map.get(qname.as_str()).and_then(|m| m.get(&qtype)) {
-            let mut resp = DnsPacket::response_from(&query, ResultCode::NOERROR);
-            resp.answers = records.clone();
-            (resp, QueryPath::Local, DnssecStatus::Indeterminate)
         } else {
             let cached = ctx.cache.read().unwrap().lookup_with_status(&qname, qtype);
             if let Some((cached, cached_dnssec)) = cached {

src/doh.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+
+use axum::body::Bytes;
+use axum::extract::{Request, State};
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
+use hyper::StatusCode;
+use log::warn;
+
+use crate::buffer::BytePacketBuffer;
+use crate::ctx::{resolve_query, ServerCtx};
+use crate::header::ResultCode;
+use crate::packet::DnsPacket;
+
+const MAX_DNS_MSG: usize = 4096;
+const DOH_CONTENT_TYPE: &str = "application/dns-message";
+
+pub async fn doh_post(State(state): State<super::proxy::DohState>, req: Request) -> Response {
+    let host = super::proxy::extract_host(&req);
+    if !is_doh_host(host.as_deref(), &state.ctx.proxy_tld) {
+        return StatusCode::NOT_FOUND.into_response();
+    }
+
+    let content_type = req
+        .headers()
+        .get(hyper::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+        .unwrap_or("");
+    if !content_type.starts_with(DOH_CONTENT_TYPE) {
+        return StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.into_response();
+    }
+
+    let body = match axum::body::to_bytes(req.into_body(), MAX_DNS_MSG).await {
+        Ok(b) => b,
+        Err(_) => {
+            return (StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE, "body exceeds 4096 bytes").into_response()
+        }
+    };
+
+    if body.is_empty() {
+        return (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "empty body").into_response();
+    }
+
+    let src = state
+        .remote_addr
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 0)));
+
+    resolve_doh(&body, src, &state.ctx).await
+}
+
+fn is_doh_host(host: Option<&str>, tld: &str) -> bool {
+    match host {
+        Some(h) if h == tld => true,
+        Some(h) => {
+            h.len() == 2 * tld.len() + 1
+                && h.starts_with(tld)
+                && h.as_bytes().get(tld.len()) == Some(&b'.')
+                && h.ends_with(tld)
+        }
+        None => false,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn resolve_doh(dns_bytes: &[u8], src: SocketAddr, ctx: &ServerCtx) -> Response {
+    let mut buffer = BytePacketBuffer::from_bytes(dns_bytes);
+    let query = match DnsPacket::from_buffer(&mut buffer) {
+        Ok(q) => q,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("DoH: parse error from {}: {}", src, e);
+            let query_id = u16::from_be_bytes([
+                dns_bytes.first().copied().unwrap_or(0),
+                dns_bytes.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0),
+            ]);
+            let mut resp = DnsPacket::new();
+            resp.header.id = query_id;
+            resp.header.response = true;
+            resp.header.rescode = ResultCode::FORMERR;
+            return serialize_response(&resp);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let query_id = query.header.id;
+    let query_rd = query.header.recursion_desired;
+    let questions = query.questions.clone();
+
+    match resolve_query(query, src, ctx).await {
+        Ok(resp_buffer) => {
+            let min_ttl = extract_min_ttl(resp_buffer.filled());
+            dns_response(resp_buffer.filled(), min_ttl)
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("DoH: resolve error for {}: {}", src, e);
+            let mut resp = DnsPacket::new();
+            resp.header.id = query_id;
+            resp.header.response = true;
+            resp.header.recursion_desired = query_rd;
+            resp.header.recursion_available = true;
+            resp.header.rescode = ResultCode::SERVFAIL;
+            resp.questions = questions;
+            serialize_response(&resp)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn extract_min_ttl(wire: &[u8]) -> u32 {
+    let mut buf = BytePacketBuffer::from_bytes(wire);
+    match DnsPacket::from_buffer(&mut buf) {
+        Ok(pkt) => pkt.answers.iter().map(|r| r.ttl()).min().unwrap_or(0),
+        Err(_) => 0,
+    }
+}
+
+fn dns_response(wire: &[u8], min_ttl: u32) -> Response {
+    (
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        [
+            (hyper::header::CONTENT_TYPE, DOH_CONTENT_TYPE),
+            (
+                hyper::header::CACHE_CONTROL,
+                &format!("max-age={}", min_ttl),
+            ),
+        ],
+        Bytes::copy_from_slice(wire),
+    )
+        .into_response()
+}
+
+fn serialize_response(pkt: &DnsPacket) -> Response {
+    let mut buf = BytePacketBuffer::new();
+    match pkt.write(&mut buf) {
+        Ok(_) => dns_response(buf.filled(), 0),
+        Err(_) => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.into_response(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::buffer::BytePacketBuffer;
+    use crate::header::ResultCode;
+    use crate::packet::DnsPacket;
+    use crate::record::DnsRecord;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_doh_host_matches_tld() {
+        assert!(is_doh_host(Some("numa"), "numa"));
+        assert!(is_doh_host(Some("numa.numa"), "numa"));
+        assert!(!is_doh_host(Some("foo.numa"), "numa"));
+        assert!(!is_doh_host(None, "numa"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn extract_min_ttl_from_response() {
+        let mut pkt = DnsPacket::new();
+        pkt.header.response = true;
+        pkt.answers.push(DnsRecord::A {
+            domain: "example.com".to_string(),
+            addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr::new(1, 2, 3, 4),
+            ttl: 300,
+        });
+        pkt.answers.push(DnsRecord::A {
+            domain: "example.com".to_string(),
+            addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr::new(5, 6, 7, 8),
+            ttl: 60,
+        });
+        let mut buf = BytePacketBuffer::new();
+        pkt.write(&mut buf).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(extract_min_ttl(buf.filled()), 60);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn extract_min_ttl_no_answers() {
+        let mut pkt = DnsPacket::new();
+        pkt.header.response = true;
+        let mut buf = BytePacketBuffer::new();
+        pkt.write(&mut buf).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(extract_min_ttl(buf.filled()), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_formerr_response() {
+        let mut pkt = DnsPacket::new();
+        pkt.header.id = 0xABCD;
+        pkt.header.response = true;
+        pkt.header.rescode = ResultCode::FORMERR;
+        let resp = serialize_response(&pkt);
+        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    }
+}

src/health.rs

@@ -73,11 +73,15 @@ impl HealthMeta {
         recursive_enabled: bool,
         mdns_enabled: bool,
         blocking_enabled: bool,
+        doh_enabled: bool,
     ) -> Self {
         let ca_path = data_dir.join("ca.pem");
         let ca_fingerprint_sha256 = compute_ca_fingerprint(&ca_path);
 
         let mut features = Vec::new();
+        if doh_enabled {
+            features.push("doh".to_string());
+        }
         if dot_enabled {
             features.push("dot".to_string());
         }

src/lib.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub mod cache;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod ctx;
 pub mod dnssec;
+pub mod doh;
 pub mod dot;
 pub mod forward;
 pub mod header;

src/main.rs

@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
         None
     };
 
+    let doh_enabled = initial_tls.is_some();
     let health_meta = numa::health::HealthMeta::build(
         &resolved_data_dir,
         config.dot.enabled,
@@ -252,6 +253,7 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
         resolved_mode == numa::config::UpstreamMode::Recursive,
         config.lan.enabled,
         config.blocking.enabled,
+        doh_enabled,
     );
 
     let ca_pem = std::fs::read_to_string(resolved_data_dir.join("ca.pem")).ok();
@@ -431,6 +433,13 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
     if config.dot.enabled {
         row("DoT", g, &format!("tls://:{}", config.dot.port));
     }
+    if doh_enabled {
+        row(
+            "DoH",
+            g,
+            &format!("https://:{}/dns-query", config.proxy.tls_port),
+        );
+    }
     if config.lan.enabled {
         row("LAN", g, "mDNS (_numa._tcp.local)");
     }

src/proxy.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use axum::body::Body;
 use axum::extract::{Request, State};
 use axum::response::IntoResponse;
-use axum::routing::any;
+use axum::routing::{any, post};
 use axum::Router;
 use http_body_util::BodyExt;
 use hyper::StatusCode;
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ use crate::ctx::ServerCtx;
 
 type HttpClient = Client<hyper_util::client::legacy::connect::HttpConnector, Body>;
 
+/// State passed to the DoH handler. Includes the remote address so
+/// `resolve_query` can log the client IP.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct DohState {
+    pub ctx: Arc<ServerCtx>,
+    pub remote_addr: Option<std::net::SocketAddr>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct ProxyState {
     ctx: Arc<ServerCtx>,
@@ -74,9 +82,17 @@ pub async fn start_proxy_tls(ctx: Arc<ServerCtx>, port: u16, bind_addr: Ipv4Addr
 
     // Hold a separate Arc so we can access tls_config after ctx moves into ProxyState
     let tls_holder = Arc::clone(&ctx);
-    let state = ProxyState { ctx, client };
+    let proxy_state = ProxyState {
+        ctx: Arc::clone(&ctx),
+        client,
+    };
 
-    let app = Router::new().fallback(any(proxy_handler)).with_state(state);
+    // DoH route (RFC 8484) served only on the TLS listener.
+    // DohState.remote_addr is set per-connection below.
+    let doh_state = DohState {
+        ctx,
+        remote_addr: None,
+    };
 
     loop {
         let (tcp_stream, remote_addr) = match listener.accept().await {
@@ -91,7 +107,17 @@ pub async fn start_proxy_tls(ctx: Arc<ServerCtx>, port: u16, bind_addr: Ipv4Addr
         // unwrap safe: guarded by is_none() check above
         let acceptor =
             TlsAcceptor::from(Arc::clone(&*tls_holder.tls_config.as_ref().unwrap().load()));
-        let app = app.clone();
+
+        let mut conn_doh_state = doh_state.clone();
+        conn_doh_state.remote_addr = Some(remote_addr);
+
+        let app = Router::new()
+            .route(
+                "/dns-query",
+                post(crate::doh::doh_post).with_state(conn_doh_state),
+            )
+            .fallback(any(proxy_handler))
+            .with_state(proxy_state.clone());
 
         tokio::spawn(async move {
             let tls_stream = match acceptor.accept(tcp_stream).await {
@@ -232,7 +258,7 @@ pre .str {{ color: #d48a5a }}
     )
 }
 
-fn extract_host(req: &Request) -> Option<String> {
+pub fn extract_host(req: &Request) -> Option<String> {
     req.headers()
         .get(hyper::header::HOST)
         .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())

tests/integration.sh

@@ -622,6 +622,54 @@ CONF
             "10.0.0.1" \
             "$($KDIG +short dot-test.example A 2>/dev/null)"
 
+        echo ""
+        echo "=== DNS-over-HTTPS (RFC 8484) ==="
+
+        DOH_QUERY_FILE=/tmp/numa-doh-query.bin
+        DOH_RESP_FILE=/tmp/numa-doh-resp.bin
+
+        # Build DNS wire-format query for dot-test.example A
+        printf '\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08dot-test\x07example\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01' > "$DOH_QUERY_FILE"
+
+        # POST valid DoH query
+        DOH_CODE=$(curl -sk -X POST \
+            --resolve "numa.numa:$PROXY_HTTPS_PORT:127.0.0.1" \
+            -H "Content-Type: application/dns-message" \
+            --data-binary @"$DOH_QUERY_FILE" \
+            --cacert "$CA" \
+            -o "$DOH_RESP_FILE" \
+            -w "%{http_code}" \
+            "https://numa.numa:$PROXY_HTTPS_PORT/dns-query")
+        check "DoH POST returns HTTP 200" "200" "$DOH_CODE"
+
+        # Check response contains IP 10.0.0.1 (hex: 0a000001)
+        DOH_HEX=$(xxd -p "$DOH_RESP_FILE" | tr -d '\n')
+        if echo "$DOH_HEX" | grep -q "0a000001"; then
+            check "DoH response resolves dot-test.example → 10.0.0.1" "found" "found"
+        else
+            check "DoH response resolves dot-test.example → 10.0.0.1" "0a000001" "$DOH_HEX"
+        fi
+
+        # Wrong Content-Type → 415
+        DOH_CT_CODE=$(curl -sk -X POST \
+            -H "Host: numa.numa" \
+            -H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
+            --data-binary @"$DOH_QUERY_FILE" \
+            -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" \
+            "https://127.0.0.1:$PROXY_HTTPS_PORT/dns-query")
+        check "DoH wrong Content-Type → 415" "415" "$DOH_CT_CODE"
+
+        # Wrong host → 404 (DoH only serves numa.numa)
+        DOH_HOST_CODE=$(curl -sk -X POST \
+            -H "Host: foo.numa" \
+            -H "Content-Type: application/dns-message" \
+            --data-binary @"$DOH_QUERY_FILE" \
+            -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" \
+            "https://127.0.0.1:$PROXY_HTTPS_PORT/dns-query")
+        check "DoH wrong host → 404" "404" "$DOH_HOST_CODE"
+
+        rm -f "$DOH_QUERY_FILE" "$DOH_RESP_FILE"
+
         echo ""
         echo "=== Proxy TLS works with DoT enabled ==="