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# Quantum Simulation Engine: Domain-Driven Design - Strategic Design
**Version**: 0.1
**Date**: 2026-02-06
**Status**: Draft
---
## Domain Vision
The Quantum Simulation Engine provides **on-device quantum algorithm experimentation** within ruVector's always-on, agentic environment. It enables hybrid classical-quantum research on edge devices, allowing agents to leverage quantum algorithms (VQE, Grover, QAOA, QEC) without cloud services.
> **This is not a cloud quantum API.** The engine answers: "What does this quantum circuit produce?" entirely on the local device, using classical state-vector simulation with SIMD acceleration.
The engine follows ruVector's event-driven model: **inert when idle, activated on demand, resources released immediately**. A 20-qubit simulation allocates 16 MiB of state vector on activation and frees it the moment the circuit completes. No background threads, no persistent memory, no warm pools.
### The Universal Simulation Object
The power lies in a **single underlying state-vector engine** inside ruqu-sim. Once the linear algebra is fixed, everything else becomes interpretation:
| Domain | Qubits Become | Gates Become | Measurement Becomes | Circuit Becomes |
|--------|---------------|--------------|---------------------|-----------------|
| **Chemistry** | Molecular orbitals | Fermionic operators | Energy estimates | VQE ansatz |
| **Optimization** | Decision variables | Mixing/cost ops | Cut values | QAOA circuit |
| **Search** | Database indices | Oracle + diffusion | Found element | Grover iterations |
| **Error Correction** | Data + ancilla qubits | Stabilizer checks | Syndrome bits | QEC cycle |
| **Cryptography** | Key register bits | Quantum Fourier transform | Period estimate | Shor subroutine |
| **Machine Learning** | Feature dimensions | Parameterized rotations | Classification | Quantum kernel |
**Same linear algebra, different interpretations. Same state vector = superposition. Same measurement = probabilistic collapse with Born rule.**
---
## Strategic Design
### Core Domain
**Quantum State Simulation** - The heart of the system, managing quantum state vectors, applying unitary gate operations, and performing projective measurements. This is where the primary complexity and innovation reside. **Most circuits run in a single fast pass; only large entangled states or iterative variational loops require sustained computation.**
### Supporting Domains
1. **Circuit Construction** - Building, validating, and optimizing quantum circuits
2. **State Management** - State vector lifecycle, entanglement tracking, memory gating
3. **Measurement & Observation** - Projective measurement, expectation values, syndrome extraction
4. **Algorithm Execution** - High-level quantum algorithm implementations (VQE, Grover, QAOA, QEC)
5. **Optimization & Backend** - SIMD acceleration, gate fusion, tensor network backends
6. **Deployment & Integration** - WASM compilation, agent bridge, coherence bridge to ruQu
### Generic Domains
1. **Linear Algebra** - Complex number math, matrix-vector products, Kronecker products (via `ruvector-math`)
2. **Random Sampling** - Measurement outcome sampling, noise injection (via `rand` crate)
3. **Logging/Tracing** - Event recording, performance metrics (via `tracing` crate + `ruvector-metrics`)
### Application Evolution
| Timeline | Capabilities | Key Value |
|----------|-------------|-----------|
| **Phase 1 (Now)** | State vector sim, basic gates, VQE/Grover/QAOA | Local quantum experimentation without cloud |
| **Phase 2 (6mo)** | Tensor networks, noise models, surface code cycles | Error correction research on edge devices |
| **Phase 3 (12mo)** | GPU acceleration, OpenQASM 3.0 import, 30+ qubits | Production-grade quantum algorithm research |
| **Phase 4 (24mo)** | Quantum hardware bridge, hybrid cloud-local execution | Real quantum device integration |
> **Edge-First Quantum**: The system eventually enables agents to reason about quantum algorithms without any network dependency.
---
## Ecosystem Integration Map
```
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| QUANTUM SIMULATION ENGINE |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION DOMAIN | |
| | QuantumCircuit | Gate | GateSchedule | CircuitOptimizer | |
| | Parameterized templates (VQE ansatz, QAOA mixer, Grover oracle) | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| | CORE: QUANTUM STATE | | STATE MANAGEMENT | |
| | SIMULATION |<-| DOMAIN | |
| | | | | |
| | * State vector engine | | * Allocation / deallocation | |
| | * Gate application (SIMD) | | * Entanglement tracking | |
| | * Unitary evolution | | * Memory gating (zero-idle) | |
| | * Tensor contraction | | * State checkpointing | |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| | MEASUREMENT & | | ALGORITHM EXECUTION | |
| | OBSERVATION DOMAIN | | DOMAIN | |
| | | | | |
| | * Projective measurement | | * VQE + classical optimizer | |
| | * Expectation values | | * Grover auto-iteration | |
| | * Shot-based sampling | | * QAOA graph-based circuits | |
| | * Syndrome extraction | | * Surface code + decoder | |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| | OPTIMIZATION & | | DEPLOYMENT & | |
| | BACKEND DOMAIN | | INTEGRATION DOMAIN | |
| | | | | |
| | * SIMD dispatch | | * WASM bindings (ruqu-wasm) | |
| | * Gate fusion | | * Agent bridge (activation) | |
| | * Tensor network backend | | * Observability / metrics | |
| | * Cache-local strategies | | * Coherence bridge (ruQu) | |
| +-----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
+--------------------+---------------------+
| | |
v v v
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+
| ruvector- | | ruvector- | | ruQu |
| math (SIMD) | | metrics | | (decoder bridge) |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+
| |
v v
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+
| ruvector- | | ruvector- | | cognitum-gate- |
| graph | | nervous-system | | kernel (tiles) |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+
| |
v v
+--------------+ +-----------------+
| ruvector- | | sona (adaptive |
| mincut | | learning) |
+--------------+ +-----------------+
```
### Crate-to-Context Mapping
| Bounded Context | Primary Crate | Supporting Crates |
|-----------------|---------------|-------------------|
| Circuit Construction | `ruqu-sim` (new) | - |
| Quantum State Simulation (Core) | `ruqu-sim` (new) | `ruvector-math` |
| State Management | `ruqu-sim` (new) | - |
| Measurement & Observation | `ruqu-sim` (new) | `rand` |
| Algorithm Execution | `ruqu-sim` (new) | `ruvector-graph` (QAOA) |
| Optimization & Backend | `ruqu-sim` (new) | `ruvector-math` (SIMD) |
| Deployment & Integration | `ruqu-wasm` (new) | `ruqu`, `ruvector-metrics`, `ruvector-nervous-system` |
---
## Context Map
```
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| QUANTUM ENGINE CONTEXT MAP |
| |
| [Published Language] |
| OpenQASM 3.0 format |
| | |
| v |
| +------------------+ +------------------+ |
| | | Shared | | |
| | CIRCUIT | Kernel | STATE | |
| | CONSTRUCTION |<------->| MANAGEMENT | |
| | | (Gate, | | |
| | Builds circuits | QubitIdx| Allocates and | |
| | Validates gates | types) | tracks state | |
| +--------+---------+ +--------+---------+ |
| | | |
| | Customer | Customer |
| | Supplier | Supplier |
| v v |
| +------------------+ +------------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | MEASUREMENT & |-------->| ALGORITHM | |
| | OBSERVATION |Supplier | EXECUTION | |
| | |Customer | | |
| | Measures states | | Runs VQE/QAOA/ | |
| | Extracts syndr. | | Grover/QEC | |
| +--------+---------+ +--------+---------+ |
| | | |
| +------------+---------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +------------------+ +------------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | OPTIMIZATION & | | DEPLOYMENT & | |
| | BACKEND | | INTEGRATION | |
| | | | | |
| | SIMD, fusion, | | WASM, agents, | |
| | tensor networks | | ruQu bridge | |
| +------------------+ +--------+---------+ |
| | |
| Conformist | Anti-Corruption |
| (ruVector | Layer |
| APIs) | (ruQu decoder) |
| | |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
|
v
[Existing ruVector Ecosystem]
Context Relationships:
<-------> Shared Kernel (shared types across boundary)
-------> Customer-Supplier (downstream depends on upstream)
Conformist: Deployment conforms to existing ruVector APIs
ACL: CoherenceBridge wraps ruQu decoder behind anti-corruption layer
Published Language: OpenQASM 3.0 for circuit interchange
Open Host Service: ruqu-wasm exposes JS API
```
### Relationship Summary
| Upstream | Downstream | Pattern | Shared Types |
|----------|------------|---------|-------------|
| Circuit Construction | State Management | **Shared Kernel** | `Gate`, `QubitIndex`, `GateMatrix` |
| Measurement & Observation | Algorithm Execution | **Customer-Supplier** | `MeasurementOutcome`, `ExpectationValue` |
| State Management | Algorithm Execution | **Customer-Supplier** | `QuantumState`, `StateCheckpoint` |
| State Management | Measurement & Observation | **Customer-Supplier** | `QuantumState`, `Amplitude` |
| Optimization & Backend | Core Simulation | **Partnership** | `FusedGateMatrix`, `OptimizationHint` |
| Existing ruVector APIs | Deployment & Integration | **Conformist** | ruVector event types, metric types |
| ruQu decoder API | Deployment & Integration | **Anti-Corruption Layer** | Isolated behind `CoherenceBridge` |
| Circuit Construction | External tools | **Published Language** | OpenQASM 3.0 circuit format |
| Deployment & Integration | JS consumers | **Open Host Service** | `ruqu-wasm` JS API |
---
## Ubiquitous Language
### Quantum Fundamentals
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| **Qubit** | Fundamental unit of quantum information existing in superposition of |0> and |1> basis states |
| **Amplitude** | Complex number representing probability amplitude of a basis state; measurement probability is its squared modulus |
| **State Vector** | Array of 2^n complex amplitudes representing the full quantum state of an n-qubit register |
| **Basis State** | One of 2^n classical bit-string configurations; each has an associated amplitude |
| **Superposition** | State where multiple basis states have nonzero amplitude |
| **Entanglement** | Quantum correlation preventing independent per-qubit factorization of the joint state |
| **Born Rule** | Measurement probability equals squared modulus of amplitude: P(x) = |alpha_x|^2 |
### Circuit Model
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| **Gate** | Unitary matrix operation acting on 1 or 2 qubits; transforms state via matrix-vector multiply |
| **Circuit** | Ordered sequence of gates applied to a qubit register; the program of a quantum computation |
| **Gate Matrix** | Unitary matrix defining gate action; must satisfy U * U_dagger = I |
| **Qubit Index** | Zero-based integer identifying a qubit; determines which amplitude pairs a gate addresses |
| **Circuit Depth** | Maximum sequential gate layers; primary determinant of simulation time |
| **Parameterized Gate** | Gate whose matrix depends on continuous real parameters (e.g., Ry(theta)) |
| **Gate Fusion** | Combining adjacent gates on same qubits into a single matrix multiply |
| **Gate Schedule** | Topologically sorted gate-to-timestep assignment respecting qubit-sharing constraints |
### Measurement & Algorithms
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| **Measurement** | Projective observation collapsing superposition to a basis state per the Born rule |
| **Mid-Circuit Measurement** | Measurement during (not only at end of) circuit execution |
| **Shot** | Single circuit execution + measurement; repeated shots build statistics |
| **Expectation Value** | Observable average over quantum state: <psi|H|psi> |
| **Pauli String** | Tensor product of per-qubit Pauli operators (I/X/Y/Z) with coefficient |
| **Hamiltonian** | Hermitian operator (weighted sum of Pauli strings) representing total energy |
| **Syndrome** | Classical bits from ancilla measurements indicating error presence and location |
| **Ansatz** | Parameterized circuit template encoding the variational search space |
| **VQE** | Variational Quantum Eigensolver; iteratively minimizes Hamiltonian expectation |
| **QAOA** | Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm; alternating cost/mixer unitaries |
| **Grover Search** | Amplitude amplification finding marked items in O(sqrt(N)) queries |
| **Oracle** | Black-box gate marking target states by phase flip |
| **Surface Code** | 2D topological QEC code with stabilizer checks on lattice faces/vertices |
| **Logical Error Rate** | Undetected logical error probability per QEC cycle |
| **Decoder** | Classical algorithm mapping syndromes to corrections; bridge to ruQu |
### Simulation Infrastructure
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| **State Allocator** | On-demand allocation/deallocation enforcing zero-idle policy |
| **Memory Estimate** | Predicted bytes: 2^n * 16; gating threshold for allocation |
| **Entanglement Tracker** | Tracks qubit correlations enabling subsystem splitting |
| **State Checkpoint** | Serialized state snapshot for mid-circuit save/restore |
| **Tensor Network** | Alternative representation via contracted tensor factors; efficient for low entanglement |
| **Contraction Path** | Tensor contraction order minimizing total FLOPs |
---
## Bounded Context Details
### Context 1: Circuit Construction Domain
**Purpose**: Language for expressing quantum computations. Validation, scheduling, optimization, OpenQASM interchange.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **QuantumCircuit** | Aggregate Root | Ordered gate collection with register metadata |
| **Gate** | Entity | Single unitary with target qubits and optional parameters |
| **GateSchedule** | Entity | Time-step assignment for parallel execution analysis |
| **CircuitOptimizer** | Domain Service | Fusion, cancellation, and commutation rules |
| GateId, QubitIndex, GateMatrix, ParameterBinding, GateType | Value Objects | Immutable circuit building blocks |
**Events**: `CircuitCreated`, `GateAppended`, `CircuitOptimized`, `CircuitValidated`, `ParametersBound`
**Invariants**: (1) Gate unitarity. (2) Qubit indices within bounds. (3) No duplicate targets per gate. (4) All parameters bound before execution.
---
### Context 2: State Management Domain
**Purpose**: State vector lifecycle following zero-idle model. Entanglement tracking. Memory gating.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **QuantumState** | Aggregate Root | Owns the 2^n complex amplitude array |
| **EntanglementTracker** | Entity | Bipartite entanglement graph for subsystem analysis |
| **StateAllocator** | Domain Service | On-demand allocation, immediate deallocation |
| Amplitude, QubitCount, MemoryEstimate, StateCheckpoint | Value Objects | State representation primitives |
**Events**: `StateAllocated`, `StateDeallocated`, `EntanglementDetected`, `SubsystemSplit`, `CheckpointCreated`, `MemoryLimitExceeded`
**Invariants**: (1) Normalization preserved. (2) Zero-idle: no state persists beyond execution. (3) Allocation gated by device capacity. (4) Checkpoint restore reproduces exact amplitudes.
---
### Context 3: Measurement & Observation Domain
**Purpose**: Projective measurement with collapse. Analytical expectation values. Syndrome extraction for QEC.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **MeasurementEngine** | Aggregate Root | Born-rule sampling and state collapse |
| **ExpectationCalculator** | Entity | Analytical <psi|H|psi> from Pauli decomposition |
| **SyndromeExtractor** | Entity | Ancilla measurement and classical bit extraction |
| MeasurementOutcome, PauliString, Hamiltonian, SyndromeBits, ShotResult | Value Objects | Measurement data types |
**Events**: `MeasurementPerformed`, `ExpectationComputed`, `SyndromeExtracted`, `ShotsCompleted`
**Invariants**: (1) Born rule: probabilities sum to 1.0. (2) Post-measurement collapse to definite state. (3) Hamiltonian Hermiticity. (4) Syndrome bit count matches code.
---
### Context 4: Algorithm Execution Domain
**Purpose**: High-level quantum algorithms as orchestrated loops over circuits, states, and measurements.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **VQERunner** | Entity | Iterative ansatz parameter optimization to minimize energy |
| **GroverSearch** | Entity | Oracle + diffusion with auto-computed iteration count |
| **QAOASolver** | Entity | Graph-based cost/mixer circuit construction and angle optimization |
| **SurfaceCodeSimulator** | Entity | Stabilizer cycles, syndrome extraction, decoder invocation |
| AlgorithmResult, OptimizationTrace, CutValue, LogicalErrorRate, ConvergenceCriteria | Value Objects | Algorithm output types |
**Events**: `VQEIterationCompleted`, `VQEConverged`, `GroverSearchCompleted`, `QAOARoundCompleted`, `SurfaceCodeCycleCompleted`, `LogicalErrorDetected`
**Invariants**: (1) Grover iteration count = floor(pi/4 * sqrt(N/M)). (2) VQE energy is upper bound on ground state. (3) QAOA cost/mixer alternate with correct parameter count. (4) Surface code distance matches lattice.
---
### Context 5: Optimization & Backend Domain
**Purpose**: Performance backends that accelerate simulation without altering semantics. SIMD, fusion, tensor networks.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **SimulationBackend** | Aggregate Root | Selects optimal execution strategy |
| **GateFuser** | Entity | Combines compatible gate sequences into single operations |
| **TensorContractor** | Entity | Tensor network decomposition for low-entanglement states |
| **SIMDDispatcher** | Entity | Platform detection and optimized kernel dispatch |
| OptimizationHint, ContractionPath, FusedGateMatrix, PlatformCapabilities | Value Objects | Backend selection metadata |
**Events**: `BackendSelected`, `GatesFused`, `TensorNetworkContracted`, `SIMDKernelDispatched`
**Invariants**: (1) Fused gates produce identical results to sequential. (2) Tensor contraction matches state-vector. (3) SIMD falls back to scalar if unavailable. (4) Intermediates stay within memory budget.
---
### Context 6: Deployment & Integration Domain
**Purpose**: WASM compilation, agent activation bridge, ruQu decoder anti-corruption layer, observability.
| Entity / Value Object | Type | Responsibility |
|----------------------|------|---------------|
| **WASMBindings** | Entity | Open Host Service via wasm-bindgen JS API |
| **AgentBridge** | Entity | ruvector-nervous-system integration for context-triggered activation |
| **MetricsReporter** | Entity | Publishes SimulationMetrics to ruvector-metrics |
| **CoherenceBridge** | Entity | ACL translating syndromes to ruQu's DetectorBitmap/SyndromeRound |
| PlatformCapabilities, QubitLimit, SimulationMetrics, DecoderResult | Value Objects | Integration data types |
**Events**: `SimulationRequested`, `SimulationCompleted`, `ResourcesReleased`, `DecoderInvoked`, `MetricsPublished`
**Integration Patterns**:
- **Anti-Corruption Layer**: CoherenceBridge isolates engine from ruQu's internal DDD model
- **Conformist**: Deployment conforms to existing ruVector event types and metric schemas
- **Open Host Service**: ruqu-wasm exposes clean JS/TS API for browser experimentation
- **Published Language**: OpenQASM 3.0 for circuit interchange with external tools
---
## Cross-Cutting Concerns
### Zero-Idle Resource Model
```
IDLE (0 bytes) --> ACTIVATE (allocate 2^n * 16 bytes) --> COMPUTE --> RELEASE (0 bytes)
```
No warm pools, no pre-allocated buffers, no background threads.
### Memory Gating
| Qubits | State Vector Size | Decision |
|--------|-------------------|----------|
| 10 | 16 KiB | Always permit |
| 15 | 512 KiB | Always permit |
| 20 | 16 MiB | Permit on most devices |
| 25 | 512 MiB | Gate: check available RAM |
| 30 | 16 GiB | Gate: likely refuse on edge |
| 35+ | 512 GiB+ | Always refuse (state vector); consider tensor network |
### Error Model
| Context | Error | Severity | Recovery |
|---------|-------|----------|----------|
| Circuit Construction | Non-unitary gate | Fatal | Reject circuit |
| State Management | Memory limit exceeded | Recoverable | Try tensor network or refuse |
| State Management | Normalization drift | Warning | Renormalize |
| Measurement | Zero-probability outcome | Warning | Return uniform |
| Algorithm Execution | VQE non-convergence | Recoverable | Return best-so-far |
| Deployment | WASM memory limit | Fatal | Report to agent |
| Deployment | ruQu decoder unavailable | Recoverable | Skip correction, log |
### Observability
All simulation runs produce `SimulationMetrics` (circuit name, qubit count, gate count, depth, shots, backend type, wall time, peak memory, SIMD utilization) flowing through `ruvector-metrics` for unified dashboard integration.
### Security
| Concern | Mitigation |
|---------|------------|
| Timing side channels in measurement | Constant-time sampling via rejection method |
| Memory contents after deallocation | Zero-fill on deallocation (SecureAllocator mode) |
| Denial-of-service via large qubit counts | Memory gating with hard upper bound per request |
| Untrusted OpenQASM input | Parser validates unitarity and qubit bounds before execution |
| WASM sandbox escape | No file I/O, no network; pure computation within WASM sandbox |
---
## Module Structure
```
crates/ruqu-sim/src/
+-- lib.rs # Public API
+-- circuit/ # Circuit Construction context
| +-- quantum_circuit.rs # QuantumCircuit aggregate
| +-- gate.rs # Gate entity, GateType enum
| +-- schedule.rs # GateSchedule
| +-- optimizer.rs # CircuitOptimizer (fusion, cancel)
| +-- openqasm.rs # OpenQASM 3.0 import/export
+-- state/ # State Management context
| +-- quantum_state.rs # QuantumState aggregate
| +-- allocator.rs # StateAllocator (zero-idle)
| +-- entanglement.rs # EntanglementTracker
| +-- checkpoint.rs # StateCheckpoint
+-- measurement/ # Measurement & Observation context
| +-- engine.rs # MeasurementEngine
| +-- expectation.rs # ExpectationCalculator
| +-- syndrome.rs # SyndromeExtractor
+-- algorithms/ # Algorithm Execution context
| +-- vqe.rs, grover.rs # VQERunner, GroverSearch
| +-- qaoa.rs # QAOASolver
| +-- surface_code.rs # SurfaceCodeSimulator
+-- backend/ # Optimization & Backend context
| +-- simulation_backend.rs # SimulationBackend
| +-- gate_fuser.rs # GateFuser
| +-- tensor_network.rs # TensorContractor
| +-- simd_dispatch.rs # SIMDDispatcher
| +-- kernels/ # avx2.rs, avx512.rs, neon.rs, wasm_simd.rs, scalar.rs
+-- types.rs, events.rs, error.rs
crates/ruqu-wasm/src/
+-- lib.rs # wasm-bindgen entry
+-- js_api.rs # JS-facing API
+-- agent_bridge.rs # ruvector-nervous-system integration
+-- coherence_bridge.rs # ACL for ruQu decoder
+-- metrics.rs # ruvector-metrics export
```
### Dependency Graph
```
ruqu-sim
+-- ruvector-math (SIMD kernels, complex math)
+-- rand (measurement sampling)
+-- ruvector-graph (QAOA graph input)
ruqu-wasm
+-- ruqu-sim (core simulation)
+-- ruqu (coherence bridge ACL)
+-- ruvector-metrics (observability)
+-- ruvector-nervous-system (agent activation)
+-- wasm-bindgen (JS bindings)
```
---
## Performance Targets
| Metric | Target |
|--------|--------|
| Single-gate (1q, 20-qubit register) | < 50 us |
| Full circuit (100 gates, 15 qubits) | < 10 ms |
| Hamiltonian expectation (10q, 50 terms) | < 1 ms |
| SIMD speedup over scalar | > 3x (AVX2), > 6x (AVX-512) |
| Grover (20 qubits, 1 target) | < 500 ms |
| VQE convergence (H2, 4 qubits) | < 5s, < 100 iterations |
| State allocation/deallocation | < 10 us / < 1 us |
| WASM circuit (10 qubits, 50 gates) | < 50 ms |
---
## References
1. Evans, E. (2003). "Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software."
2. Vernon, V. (2013). "Implementing Domain-Driven Design."
3. Nielsen, M. A. & Chuang, I. L. (2010). "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information."
4. Peruzzo, A. et al. (2014). "A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor."
5. Farhi, E. et al. (2014). "A Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm."
6. Fowler, A. G. et al. (2012). "Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation."
7. ruQu crate: Existing coherence assessment and syndrome processing in ruVector.
8. Coherence Engine DDD: `/docs/architecture/coherence-engine-ddd.md`