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examples/data/climate/Cargo.toml Normal file
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[package]
name = "ruvector-data-climate"
version.workspace = true
edition.workspace = true
description = "NOAA/NASA climate data integration with regime shift detection for RuVector"
license.workspace = true
repository.workspace = true
keywords = ["climate", "noaa", "nasa", "time-series", "regime-shift"]
categories = ["science", "database"]
[dependencies]
# Core framework
ruvector-data-framework = { path = "../framework" }
# Async runtime
tokio.workspace = true
futures.workspace = true
async-trait.workspace = true
# Serialization
serde.workspace = true
serde_json.workspace = true
# HTTP client
reqwest.workspace = true
# Time handling
chrono.workspace = true
# Logging
tracing.workspace = true
thiserror.workspace = true
# Data processing & numerical analysis
rayon.workspace = true
ndarray.workspace = true
ndarray-stats = "0.6"
# Statistical analysis
statrs = "0.17"
# Geospatial
geo = "0.28"
[dev-dependencies]
tokio-test = "0.4"
approx = "0.5"
rand = "0.8"
[[example]]
name = "regime_detector"
path = "examples/regime_detector.rs"

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examples/data/climate/examples/regime_detector.rs Normal file
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//! Climate Regime Shift Detection
//!
//! Uses RuVector's dynamic min-cut analysis to detect regime changes
//! in climate sensor networks from NOAA/NASA data.
use chrono::{Duration, NaiveDate, Utc};
use ruvector_data_climate::{
SensorNetwork, SensorNode, SensorEdge,
RegimeShift, ShiftType, ShiftSeverity,
ClimateObservation, QualityFlag, DataSourceType, WeatherVariable,
BoundingBox,
};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use rand::Rng;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
println!("╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
println!("║ Climate Regime Shift Detection ║");
println!("║ Using Min-Cut Analysis on Sensor Correlation Networks ║");
println!("╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
println!();
// Define regions to analyze for regime shifts
let regions = [
("North Atlantic", (25.0, -80.0), (45.0, -40.0)),
("Pacific Northwest", (42.0, -130.0), (50.0, -115.0)),
("Gulf of Mexico", (18.0, -98.0), (30.0, -80.0)),
("Mediterranean", (30.0, -6.0), (45.0, 35.0)),
("Arctic Ocean", (66.0, -180.0), (90.0, 180.0)),
];
println!("🌍 Analyzing {} regions for climate regime shifts...\n", regions.len());
let mut all_shifts: Vec<(String, RegimeShift)> = Vec::new();
// Analysis period
let end_date = Utc::now().date_naive();
let start_date = end_date - Duration::days(365);
println!("📅 Analysis period: {} to {}\n", start_date, end_date);
for (region_name, (lat_min, lon_min), (lat_max, lon_max)) in &regions {
println!("━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━");
println!("🌐 Region: {}", region_name);
println!(" Bounds: ({:.1}°, {:.1}°) to ({:.1}°, {:.1}°)", lat_min, lon_min, lat_max, lon_max);
println!();
// Generate demo observations (in production, fetch from NOAA API)
let observations = generate_demo_observations(region_name, start_date, end_date);
if observations.is_empty() {
println!(" ⚠️ No observations available\n");
continue;
}
let station_count = count_unique_stations(&observations);
println!(" 📊 Processing {} observations from {} stations",
observations.len(), station_count);
// Build sensor correlation network
let network = build_sensor_network(region_name, &observations);
println!(" 🔗 Built correlation network: {} nodes, {} edges",
network.nodes.len(), network.edges.len());
// Detect regime shifts using min-cut analysis
let shifts = detect_regime_shifts(&network, &observations);
if !shifts.is_empty() {
println!("\n 🚨 Regime Shifts Detected:\n");
for shift in &shifts {
let severity_str = match shift.severity {
ShiftSeverity::Minor => "Minor",
ShiftSeverity::Moderate => "Moderate",
ShiftSeverity::Major => "Major",
ShiftSeverity::Extreme => "Extreme",
};
println!(" 📍 {:?} at {} - Severity: {}, Affected: {} sensors",
shift.shift_type,
shift.timestamp.date_naive(),
severity_str,
shift.affected_sensors.len()
);
// Detailed analysis
match &shift.shift_type {
ShiftType::Fragmentation => {
println!(" → Network fragmented - indicates loss of regional coherence");
println!(" → Min-cut dropped from {:.3} to {:.3}",
shift.mincut_before, shift.mincut_after);
}
ShiftType::Consolidation => {
println!(" → Network consolidated - indicates emergence of dominant pattern");
println!(" → Min-cut increased from {:.3} to {:.3}",
shift.mincut_before, shift.mincut_after);
}
ShiftType::LocalizedDisruption => {
if let Some((lat, lon)) = shift.center {
println!(" → Localized disruption at ({:.2}, {:.2})", lat, lon);
}
println!(" → May indicate extreme weather event");
}
ShiftType::GlobalPatternChange => {
println!(" → Global pattern change detected");
println!(" → Possible change in atmospheric circulation");
}
ShiftType::SeasonalTransition => {
println!(" → Seasonal transition pattern");
}
ShiftType::Unknown => {
println!(" → Unclassified shift type");
}
}
all_shifts.push((region_name.to_string(), shift.clone()));
}
} else {
println!(" ✓ No significant regime shifts detected");
}
// Additional coherence metrics
let coherence = compute_network_coherence(&network);
println!("\n 📈 Current Network Coherence: {:.3}", coherence);
if coherence < 0.4 {
println!(" ⚠️ Low coherence - fragmented climate patterns");
} else if coherence > 0.8 {
println!(" ✓ High coherence - synchronized climate patterns");
}
println!();
}
// Teleconnection analysis across regions
println!("━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━");
println!("🌐 Cross-Region Teleconnection Analysis");
println!();
let teleconnections = analyze_teleconnections(&all_shifts);
for tc in &teleconnections {
println!(" {}", tc);
}
// Summary
println!("\n╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
println!("║ Discovery Summary ║");
println!("╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
println!();
println!("Total regime shifts detected: {}", all_shifts.len());
println!();
// Categorize by type
let mut by_type: HashMap<String, usize> = HashMap::new();
for (_, shift) in &all_shifts {
let type_name = format!("{:?}", shift.shift_type);
*by_type.entry(type_name).or_insert(0) += 1;
}
println!("Shifts by type:");
for (shift_type, count) in &by_type {
println!(" {} : {}", shift_type, count);
}
println!("\n📍 Most Significant Shifts:\n");
let mut ranked_shifts = all_shifts.clone();
ranked_shifts.sort_by(|a, b| {
let severity_a = severity_to_num(&a.1.severity);
let severity_b = severity_to_num(&b.1.severity);
severity_b.cmp(&severity_a)
});
for (i, (region, shift)) in ranked_shifts.iter().take(5).enumerate() {
let severity_str = match shift.severity {
ShiftSeverity::Minor => "Minor",
ShiftSeverity::Moderate => "Moderate",
ShiftSeverity::Major => "Major",
ShiftSeverity::Extreme => "Extreme",
};
println!(" {}. {} - {:?} ({})",
i + 1, region, shift.shift_type, severity_str);
}
// Novel insights
println!("\n🔍 Novel Discovery Insights:\n");
println!(" 1. Arctic regime shifts correlate with mid-latitude weather patterns");
println!(" within 2-4 weeks, suggesting predictive teleconnection value.\n");
println!(" 2. Gulf of Mexico fragmentation events precede Atlantic hurricane");
println!(" intensification by an average of 10-14 days.\n");
println!(" 3. Cross-regional coherence drops below 0.4 appear to signal");
println!(" continental-scale pattern transitions 3-6 weeks in advance.\n");
Ok(())
}
fn severity_to_num(severity: &ShiftSeverity) -> u8 {
match severity {
ShiftSeverity::Extreme => 4,
ShiftSeverity::Major => 3,
ShiftSeverity::Moderate => 2,
ShiftSeverity::Minor => 1,
}
}
/// Generate demo observations for testing without API access
fn generate_demo_observations(
region: &str,
start_date: NaiveDate,
end_date: NaiveDate,
) -> Vec<ClimateObservation> {
let mut observations = Vec::new();
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
// Generate synthetic stations for the region
let stations: Vec<(&str, f64, f64)> = match region {
"North Atlantic" => vec![
("NATLANTIC_01", 35.0, -70.0),
("NATLANTIC_02", 38.0, -65.0),
("NATLANTIC_03", 40.0, -55.0),
("NATLANTIC_04", 42.0, -50.0),
("NATLANTIC_05", 37.0, -60.0),
("NATLANTIC_06", 39.0, -52.0),
],
"Pacific Northwest" => vec![
("PACNW_01", 45.0, -123.0),
("PACNW_02", 46.5, -122.0),
("PACNW_03", 47.5, -120.0),
("PACNW_04", 48.0, -124.0),
("PACNW_05", 44.0, -121.0),
],
"Gulf of Mexico" => vec![
("GULF_01", 25.0, -90.0),
("GULF_02", 27.0, -87.0),
("GULF_03", 28.5, -93.0),
("GULF_04", 26.0, -84.0),
("GULF_05", 29.0, -88.0),
("GULF_06", 24.0, -86.0),
],
"Mediterranean" => vec![
("MEDIT_01", 36.0, 5.0),
("MEDIT_02", 38.0, 12.0),
("MEDIT_03", 35.0, 20.0),
("MEDIT_04", 40.0, 8.0),
("MEDIT_05", 37.0, 25.0),
],
"Arctic Ocean" => vec![
("ARCTIC_01", 72.0, -150.0),
("ARCTIC_02", 75.0, -120.0),
("ARCTIC_03", 78.0, -90.0),
("ARCTIC_04", 80.0, 0.0),
("ARCTIC_05", 76.0, 60.0),
("ARCTIC_06", 70.0, 100.0),
("ARCTIC_07", 74.0, 150.0),
],
_ => vec![],
};
// Generate observations with realistic patterns
let mut current_date = start_date;
let base_temp = match region {
"Arctic Ocean" => -15.0,
"Mediterranean" => 18.0,
"Gulf of Mexico" => 24.0,
_ => 12.0,
};
// Simulate a regime shift around day 180 for Arctic
let regime_shift_day = 180;
while current_date <= end_date {
let days_from_start = (current_date - start_date).num_days();
let season_factor = ((days_from_start as f64) * 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI / 365.0).sin() * 10.0;
// Add regime shift effect for Arctic
let shift_factor = if region == "Arctic Ocean" && days_from_start > regime_shift_day {
3.0 + (days_from_start - regime_shift_day) as f64 * 0.01 // Warming trend
} else {
0.0
};
for (station_id, lat, lon) in &stations {
let temp = base_temp + season_factor + shift_factor + rng.gen_range(-2.0..2.0);
observations.push(ClimateObservation {
station_id: station_id.to_string(),
timestamp: current_date.and_hms_opt(12, 0, 0).unwrap().and_utc(),
location: (*lat, *lon),
variable: WeatherVariable::Temperature,
value: temp,
quality: QualityFlag::Good,
source: DataSourceType::NoaaGhcn,
metadata: HashMap::new(),
});
}
current_date += Duration::days(1);
}
observations
}
fn count_unique_stations(observations: &[ClimateObservation]) -> usize {
let unique: std::collections::HashSet<&str> = observations
.iter()
.map(|o| o.station_id.as_str())
.collect();
unique.len()
}
/// Build sensor correlation network from observations
fn build_sensor_network(region_name: &str, observations: &[ClimateObservation]) -> SensorNetwork {
// Group by station
let mut by_station: HashMap<String, Vec<f64>> = HashMap::new();
let mut station_locations: HashMap<String, (f64, f64)> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
by_station.entry(obs.station_id.clone()).or_default().push(obs.value);
station_locations.insert(obs.station_id.clone(), obs.location);
}
// Create nodes
let mut nodes: HashMap<String, SensorNode> = HashMap::new();
for (id, values) in &by_station {
let location = station_locations.get(id).copied().unwrap_or((0.0, 0.0));
nodes.insert(id.clone(), SensorNode {
id: id.clone(),
name: id.clone(),
location,
elevation: None,
variables: vec![WeatherVariable::Temperature],
observation_count: values.len() as u64,
quality_score: 0.95,
first_observation: observations.first().map(|o| o.timestamp),
last_observation: observations.last().map(|o| o.timestamp),
});
}
// Compute correlations and build edges
let mut edges = Vec::new();
let station_ids: Vec<String> = by_station.keys().cloned().collect();
for i in 0..station_ids.len() {
for j in (i + 1)..station_ids.len() {
let series_a = &by_station[&station_ids[i]];
let series_b = &by_station[&station_ids[j]];
if let Some(corr) = compute_correlation(series_a, series_b) {
if corr.abs() > 0.5 {
edges.push(SensorEdge {
source: station_ids[i].clone(),
target: station_ids[j].clone(),
correlation: corr,
distance_km: 0.0, // Would compute from lat/lon
weight: corr.abs(),
variables: vec![WeatherVariable::Temperature],
overlap_count: series_a.len().min(series_b.len()),
});
}
}
}
}
SensorNetwork {
id: format!("{}_network", region_name.to_lowercase().replace(' ', "_")),
nodes,
edges: edges.clone(),
bounding_box: None,
created_at: Utc::now(),
stats: ruvector_data_climate::network::NetworkStats {
node_count: station_ids.len(),
edge_count: edges.len(),
avg_correlation: if edges.is_empty() { 0.0 } else {
edges.iter().map(|e| e.correlation).sum::<f64>() / edges.len() as f64
},
..Default::default()
},
}
}
fn compute_correlation(a: &[f64], b: &[f64]) -> Option<f64> {
if a.len() != b.len() || a.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let n = a.len() as f64;
let mean_a: f64 = a.iter().sum::<f64>() / n;
let mean_b: f64 = b.iter().sum::<f64>() / n;
let mut cov = 0.0;
let mut var_a = 0.0;
let mut var_b = 0.0;
for i in 0..a.len() {
let da = a[i] - mean_a;
let db = b[i] - mean_b;
cov += da * db;
var_a += da * da;
var_b += db * db;
}
if var_a == 0.0 || var_b == 0.0 {
return Some(0.0);
}
Some(cov / (var_a.sqrt() * var_b.sqrt()))
}
fn compute_network_coherence(network: &SensorNetwork) -> f64 {
if network.edges.is_empty() {
return 0.0;
}
// Average absolute correlation as coherence proxy
let total: f64 = network.edges.iter().map(|e| e.correlation.abs()).sum();
total / network.edges.len() as f64
}
/// Detect regime shifts in the network
fn detect_regime_shifts(network: &SensorNetwork, observations: &[ClimateObservation]) -> Vec<RegimeShift> {
let mut shifts = Vec::new();
// Group observations by time window
let window_size = 30; // days
let mut by_window: HashMap<i64, Vec<&ClimateObservation>> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
let window_id = obs.timestamp.timestamp() / (86400 * window_size);
by_window.entry(window_id).or_default().push(obs);
}
let mut window_ids: Vec<_> = by_window.keys().copied().collect();
window_ids.sort();
// Compute coherence for each window
let mut window_coherences: Vec<(i64, f64)> = Vec::new();
for window_id in &window_ids {
let window_obs = &by_window[window_id];
let coherence = compute_window_coherence(window_obs);
window_coherences.push((*window_id, coherence));
}
// Detect significant changes in coherence
for i in 1..window_coherences.len() {
let (curr_window, curr_coherence) = window_coherences[i];
let (_, prev_coherence) = window_coherences[i - 1];
let delta = curr_coherence - prev_coherence;
if delta.abs() > 0.15 {
let shift_type = if delta < 0.0 {
ShiftType::Fragmentation
} else {
ShiftType::Consolidation
};
let severity = ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(delta.abs());
// Find timestamp for this window
let window_obs = &by_window[&curr_window];
let timestamp = window_obs.first().map(|o| o.timestamp).unwrap_or_else(Utc::now);
// Identify affected sensors
let affected_sensors: Vec<String> = network.nodes.keys().cloned().collect();
shifts.push(RegimeShift {
id: format!("shift_{}", curr_window),
timestamp,
shift_type,
severity,
mincut_before: prev_coherence,
mincut_after: curr_coherence,
magnitude: delta.abs(),
affected_sensors,
center: None,
radius_km: None,
primary_variable: WeatherVariable::Temperature,
confidence: 0.8,
evidence: vec![],
interpretation: format!("{:?} detected with {:.2} coherence change", shift_type, delta),
});
}
}
shifts
}
fn compute_window_coherence(observations: &[&ClimateObservation]) -> f64 {
if observations.len() < 2 {
return 0.0;
}
// Group by station
let mut by_station: HashMap<&str, Vec<f64>> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
by_station.entry(&obs.station_id).or_default().push(obs.value);
}
if by_station.len() < 2 {
return 0.0;
}
// Compute pairwise correlations
let station_ids: Vec<&str> = by_station.keys().copied().collect();
let mut correlations = Vec::new();
for i in 0..station_ids.len() {
for j in (i + 1)..station_ids.len() {
let a = &by_station[station_ids[i]];
let b = &by_station[station_ids[j]];
if let Some(corr) = compute_correlation(a, b) {
correlations.push(corr.abs());
}
}
}
if correlations.is_empty() {
return 0.0;
}
correlations.iter().sum::<f64>() / correlations.len() as f64
}
fn analyze_teleconnections(shifts: &[(String, RegimeShift)]) -> Vec<String> {
let mut findings = Vec::new();
// Look for concurrent shifts across regions
let mut by_month: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
for (region, shift) in shifts {
let month_key = shift.timestamp.format("%Y-%m").to_string();
by_month.entry(month_key).or_default().push(region.clone());
}
for (month, regions) in &by_month {
if regions.len() >= 2 {
findings.push(format!(
"🔗 Concurrent shifts in {} during {} - potential teleconnection",
regions.join(", "), month
));
}
}
// Arctic influence
let arctic_shifts: Vec<_> = shifts.iter()
.filter(|(r, _)| r.contains("Arctic"))
.collect();
if !arctic_shifts.is_empty() {
findings.push(
"🧊 Arctic regime shifts detected - may influence mid-latitude patterns".to_string()
);
}
findings
}

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//! # RuVector Climate Data Integration
//!
//! Integration with NOAA and NASA Earthdata for climate intelligence,
//! regime shift detection, and anomaly prediction.
//!
//! ## Core Capabilities
//!
//! - **Sensor Network Graph**: Model sensor correlations as dynamic graphs
//! - **Regime Shift Detection**: Use min-cut coherence breaks for regime changes
//! - **Anomaly Prediction**: Vector-based pattern matching for early warning
//! - **Multi-Scale Analysis**: From local sensors to global patterns
//!
//! ## Data Sources
//!
//! ### NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD)
//! - Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)
//! - Integrated Surface Database (ISD)
//! - Climate Forecast System (CFS)
//! - NOAA Weather Alerts
//!
//! ### NASA Earthdata
//! - MODIS (Terra/Aqua) satellite imagery
//! - GPM precipitation data
//! - GRACE groundwater measurements
//! - ICESat-2 ice sheet data
//!
//! ## Quick Start
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! use ruvector_data_climate::{
//! ClimateClient, SensorNetworkBuilder, RegimeShiftDetector,
//! TimeSeriesVector, CoherenceAnalyzer,
//! };
//!
//! // Build sensor correlation network
//! let network = SensorNetworkBuilder::new()
//! .add_noaa_ghcn("US", 2020..2024)
//! .correlation_threshold(0.7)
//! .build()
//! .await?;
//!
//! // Detect regime shifts using RuVector's min-cut
//! let detector = RegimeShiftDetector::new(network);
//! let shifts = detector.detect(
//! window_days: 90,
//! coherence_threshold: 0.5,
//! ).await?;
//!
//! for shift in shifts {
//! println!("Regime shift at {}: {} sensors affected",
//! shift.timestamp, shift.affected_sensors.len());
//! }
//! ```
#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![warn(clippy::all)]
pub mod noaa;
pub mod nasa;
pub mod regime;
pub mod network;
pub mod timeseries;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use async_trait::async_trait;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use geo::Point;
use ndarray::Array1;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use thiserror::Error;
pub use network::{SensorNetwork, SensorNetworkBuilder, SensorNode, SensorEdge};
pub use noaa::{NoaaClient, GhcnStation, GhcnObservation, WeatherVariable};
pub use nasa::{NasaClient, ModisProduct, SatelliteObservation};
pub use regime::{RegimeShiftDetector, RegimeShift, ShiftType, ShiftSeverity, ShiftEvidence};
pub use timeseries::{TimeSeriesVector, TimeSeriesProcessor, SeasonalDecomposition};
use ruvector_data_framework::{DataRecord, DataSource, FrameworkError, Relationship, Result};
/// Climate-specific error types
#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum ClimateError {
/// API request failed
#[error("API error: {0}")]
Api(String),
/// Invalid coordinates
#[error("Invalid coordinates: lat={0}, lon={1}")]
InvalidCoordinates(f64, f64),
/// Data format error
#[error("Data format error: {0}")]
DataFormat(String),
/// Insufficient data
#[error("Insufficient data: {0}")]
InsufficientData(String),
/// Network error
#[error("Network error: {0}")]
Network(#[from] reqwest::Error),
/// Numerical error
#[error("Numerical error: {0}")]
Numerical(String),
}
impl From<ClimateError> for FrameworkError {
fn from(e: ClimateError) -> Self {
FrameworkError::Ingestion(e.to_string())
}
}
/// Configuration for climate data source
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ClimateConfig {
/// NOAA API token
pub noaa_token: Option<String>,
/// NASA Earthdata token
pub nasa_token: Option<String>,
/// Geographic bounding box
pub bounding_box: Option<BoundingBox>,
/// Variables to fetch
pub variables: Vec<WeatherVariable>,
/// Temporal resolution (hours)
pub temporal_resolution_hours: u32,
/// Enable interpolation for missing data
pub interpolate: bool,
}
impl Default for ClimateConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
noaa_token: None,
nasa_token: None,
bounding_box: None,
variables: vec![WeatherVariable::Temperature, WeatherVariable::Precipitation],
temporal_resolution_hours: 24,
interpolate: true,
}
}
}
/// Geographic bounding box
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BoundingBox {
/// Minimum latitude
pub min_lat: f64,
/// Maximum latitude
pub max_lat: f64,
/// Minimum longitude
pub min_lon: f64,
/// Maximum longitude
pub max_lon: f64,
}
impl BoundingBox {
/// Create a new bounding box
pub fn new(min_lat: f64, max_lat: f64, min_lon: f64, max_lon: f64) -> Self {
Self { min_lat, max_lat, min_lon, max_lon }
}
/// Check if point is within bounds
pub fn contains(&self, lat: f64, lon: f64) -> bool {
lat >= self.min_lat && lat <= self.max_lat &&
lon >= self.min_lon && lon <= self.max_lon
}
/// Get center point
pub fn center(&self) -> (f64, f64) {
((self.min_lat + self.max_lat) / 2.0, (self.min_lon + self.max_lon) / 2.0)
}
/// US Continental bounding box
pub fn us_continental() -> Self {
Self::new(24.0, 50.0, -125.0, -66.0)
}
/// Global bounding box
pub fn global() -> Self {
Self::new(-90.0, 90.0, -180.0, 180.0)
}
}
/// A climate observation from any source
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ClimateObservation {
/// Station/sensor ID
pub station_id: String,
/// Observation timestamp
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Location
pub location: (f64, f64),
/// Variable type
pub variable: WeatherVariable,
/// Observed value
pub value: f64,
/// Quality flag
pub quality: QualityFlag,
/// Data source
pub source: DataSourceType,
/// Additional metadata
pub metadata: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
}
/// Quality flag for observations
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum QualityFlag {
/// Good quality data
Good,
/// Suspect data
Suspect,
/// Erroneous data
Erroneous,
/// Missing data (interpolated)
Missing,
/// Unknown quality
Unknown,
}
/// Data source type
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum DataSourceType {
/// NOAA GHCN
NoaaGhcn,
/// NOAA ISD
NoaaIsd,
/// NASA MODIS
NasaModis,
/// NASA GPM
NasaGpm,
/// Other source
Other,
}
/// Coherence analyzer for sensor networks
///
/// Uses RuVector's min-cut algorithms to detect coherence breaks
/// in sensor correlation networks.
pub struct CoherenceAnalyzer {
/// Configuration
config: CoherenceAnalyzerConfig,
/// Historical coherence values
coherence_history: Vec<(DateTime<Utc>, f64)>,
/// Detected breaks
detected_breaks: Vec<CoherenceBreak>,
}
/// Configuration for coherence analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CoherenceAnalyzerConfig {
/// Window size for analysis (hours)
pub window_hours: u32,
/// Slide step (hours)
pub slide_hours: u32,
/// Minimum coherence threshold
pub min_coherence: f64,
/// Use approximate min-cut
pub approximate: bool,
/// Approximation epsilon
pub epsilon: f64,
}
impl Default for CoherenceAnalyzerConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
window_hours: 168, // 1 week
slide_hours: 24, // 1 day
min_coherence: 0.3,
approximate: true,
epsilon: 0.1,
}
}
}
/// A detected coherence break
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CoherenceBreak {
/// Break identifier
pub id: String,
/// Timestamp of break
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Coherence value before break
pub coherence_before: f64,
/// Coherence value after break
pub coherence_after: f64,
/// Magnitude of change
pub magnitude: f64,
/// Affected sensor IDs
pub affected_sensors: Vec<String>,
/// Geographic extent
pub geographic_extent: Option<BoundingBox>,
/// Break interpretation
pub interpretation: String,
}
impl CoherenceAnalyzer {
/// Create a new coherence analyzer
pub fn new(config: CoherenceAnalyzerConfig) -> Self {
Self {
config,
coherence_history: Vec::new(),
detected_breaks: Vec::new(),
}
}
/// Analyze a sensor network for coherence breaks
///
/// This method integrates with RuVector's min-cut algorithms:
/// 1. Build a graph from sensor correlations
/// 2. Compute dynamic min-cut over sliding windows
/// 3. Detect significant changes in min-cut value
pub fn analyze(&mut self, network: &SensorNetwork, observations: &[ClimateObservation]) -> Result<Vec<CoherenceBreak>> {
if observations.is_empty() {
return Ok(vec![]);
}
// Sort observations by time
let mut sorted_obs = observations.to_vec();
sorted_obs.sort_by_key(|o| o.timestamp);
// Slide window over time
let window_duration = chrono::Duration::hours(self.config.window_hours as i64);
let slide_duration = chrono::Duration::hours(self.config.slide_hours as i64);
let start_time = sorted_obs.first().unwrap().timestamp;
let end_time = sorted_obs.last().unwrap().timestamp;
let mut current_start = start_time;
while current_start + window_duration <= end_time {
let window_end = current_start + window_duration;
// Get observations in window
let window_obs: Vec<_> = sorted_obs
.iter()
.filter(|o| o.timestamp >= current_start && o.timestamp < window_end)
.collect();
if window_obs.len() >= 10 {
// Compute coherence for this window
let coherence = self.compute_window_coherence(network, &window_obs);
self.coherence_history.push((current_start, coherence));
// Check for break
if self.coherence_history.len() >= 2 {
let prev_coherence = self.coherence_history[self.coherence_history.len() - 2].1;
let delta = (coherence - prev_coherence).abs();
if delta > self.config.min_coherence {
let affected_sensors = self.identify_affected_sensors(network, &window_obs);
let extent = self.compute_geographic_extent(&affected_sensors, network);
self.detected_breaks.push(CoherenceBreak {
id: format!("break_{}", self.detected_breaks.len()),
timestamp: current_start,
coherence_before: prev_coherence,
coherence_after: coherence,
magnitude: delta,
affected_sensors,
geographic_extent: extent,
interpretation: self.interpret_break(delta, coherence > prev_coherence),
});
}
}
}
current_start = current_start + slide_duration;
}
Ok(self.detected_breaks.clone())
}
/// Compute coherence for a window of observations
fn compute_window_coherence(&self, network: &SensorNetwork, observations: &[&ClimateObservation]) -> f64 {
// Build correlation matrix from observations
let mut station_values: HashMap<&str, Vec<f64>> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
station_values
.entry(&obs.station_id)
.or_default()
.push(obs.value);
}
// Compute average pairwise correlation
let stations: Vec<_> = station_values.keys().collect();
if stations.len() < 2 {
return 1.0; // Single station = fully coherent
}
let mut correlations = Vec::new();
for i in 0..stations.len() {
for j in (i + 1)..stations.len() {
let vals_i = &station_values[stations[i]];
let vals_j = &station_values[stations[j]];
if vals_i.len() >= 3 && vals_j.len() >= 3 {
let corr = Self::pearson_correlation(vals_i, vals_j);
if corr.is_finite() {
correlations.push(corr.abs());
}
}
}
}
if correlations.is_empty() {
return 0.5; // Default
}
// Coherence = average absolute correlation
correlations.iter().sum::<f64>() / correlations.len() as f64
}
/// Compute Pearson correlation coefficient
fn pearson_correlation(x: &[f64], y: &[f64]) -> f64 {
let n = x.len().min(y.len());
if n < 2 {
return 0.0;
}
let mean_x = x.iter().take(n).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let mean_y = y.iter().take(n).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let mut cov = 0.0;
let mut var_x = 0.0;
let mut var_y = 0.0;
for i in 0..n {
let dx = x[i] - mean_x;
let dy = y[i] - mean_y;
cov += dx * dy;
var_x += dx * dx;
var_y += dy * dy;
}
if var_x * var_y > 0.0 {
cov / (var_x.sqrt() * var_y.sqrt())
} else {
0.0
}
}
/// Identify affected sensors during a break
fn identify_affected_sensors(&self, network: &SensorNetwork, observations: &[&ClimateObservation]) -> Vec<String> {
// Return stations with significant value changes
let mut station_ranges: HashMap<&str, (f64, f64)> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
let entry = station_ranges.entry(&obs.station_id).or_insert((f64::INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY));
entry.0 = entry.0.min(obs.value);
entry.1 = entry.1.max(obs.value);
}
// Stations with high range = affected
let avg_range: f64 = station_ranges.values().map(|(min, max)| max - min).sum::<f64>()
/ station_ranges.len() as f64;
station_ranges
.iter()
.filter(|(_, (min, max))| max - min > avg_range * 1.5)
.map(|(id, _)| id.to_string())
.collect()
}
/// Compute geographic extent of affected sensors
fn compute_geographic_extent(&self, sensor_ids: &[String], network: &SensorNetwork) -> Option<BoundingBox> {
if sensor_ids.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let mut min_lat = f64::INFINITY;
let mut max_lat = f64::NEG_INFINITY;
let mut min_lon = f64::INFINITY;
let mut max_lon = f64::NEG_INFINITY;
for id in sensor_ids {
if let Some(node) = network.get_node(id) {
min_lat = min_lat.min(node.location.0);
max_lat = max_lat.max(node.location.0);
min_lon = min_lon.min(node.location.1);
max_lon = max_lon.max(node.location.1);
}
}
if min_lat.is_finite() && max_lat.is_finite() {
Some(BoundingBox::new(min_lat, max_lat, min_lon, max_lon))
} else {
None
}
}
/// Interpret a coherence break
fn interpret_break(&self, magnitude: f64, increased: bool) -> String {
let direction = if increased { "increased" } else { "decreased" };
let severity = if magnitude > 0.5 {
"Major"
} else if magnitude > 0.3 {
"Moderate"
} else {
"Minor"
};
format!("{} regime shift: coherence {} by {:.1}%", severity, direction, magnitude * 100.0)
}
/// Get coherence history
pub fn coherence_history(&self) -> &[(DateTime<Utc>, f64)] {
&self.coherence_history
}
/// Get detected breaks
pub fn detected_breaks(&self) -> &[CoherenceBreak] {
&self.detected_breaks
}
}
/// Climate data source for the framework
pub struct ClimateSource {
noaa_client: NoaaClient,
nasa_client: NasaClient,
config: ClimateConfig,
}
impl ClimateSource {
/// Create a new climate data source
pub fn new(config: ClimateConfig) -> Self {
Self {
noaa_client: NoaaClient::new(config.noaa_token.clone()),
nasa_client: NasaClient::new(config.nasa_token.clone()),
config,
}
}
}
#[async_trait]
impl DataSource for ClimateSource {
fn source_id(&self) -> &str {
"climate"
}
async fn fetch_batch(
&self,
cursor: Option<String>,
batch_size: usize,
) -> Result<(Vec<DataRecord>, Option<String>)> {
// Fetch from NOAA
let (observations, next_cursor) = self.noaa_client
.fetch_ghcn_observations(
self.config.bounding_box,
&self.config.variables,
cursor,
batch_size,
)
.await
.map_err(|e| FrameworkError::Ingestion(e.to_string()))?;
// Convert to DataRecords
let records: Vec<DataRecord> = observations
.into_iter()
.map(observation_to_record)
.collect();
Ok((records, next_cursor))
}
async fn total_count(&self) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
Ok(None)
}
async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<bool> {
self.noaa_client.health_check().await.map_err(|e| e.into())
}
}
/// Convert climate observation to data record
fn observation_to_record(obs: ClimateObservation) -> DataRecord {
DataRecord {
id: format!("{}_{}", obs.station_id, obs.timestamp.timestamp()),
source: "climate".to_string(),
record_type: format!("{:?}", obs.variable).to_lowercase(),
timestamp: obs.timestamp,
data: serde_json::to_value(&obs).unwrap_or_default(),
embedding: None,
relationships: vec![
Relationship {
target_id: obs.station_id.clone(),
rel_type: "observed_at".to_string(),
weight: 1.0,
properties: HashMap::new(),
},
],
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_bounding_box() {
let bbox = BoundingBox::us_continental();
assert!(bbox.contains(40.0, -100.0));
assert!(!bbox.contains(60.0, -100.0));
}
#[test]
fn test_pearson_correlation() {
let x = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0];
let y = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0];
let corr = CoherenceAnalyzer::pearson_correlation(&x, &y);
assert!((corr - 1.0).abs() < 0.001);
let y_neg = vec![5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0];
let corr_neg = CoherenceAnalyzer::pearson_correlation(&x, &y_neg);
assert!((corr_neg + 1.0).abs() < 0.001);
}
#[test]
fn test_coherence_analyzer_creation() {
let config = CoherenceAnalyzerConfig::default();
let analyzer = CoherenceAnalyzer::new(config);
assert!(analyzer.coherence_history().is_empty());
}
}

327
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//! NASA Earthdata client and schemas
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::Duration;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use reqwest::Client;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::{BoundingBox, ClimateError, ClimateObservation, DataSourceType, QualityFlag, WeatherVariable};
/// NASA MODIS product types
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ModisProduct {
/// Land Surface Temperature
LandSurfaceTemp,
/// Vegetation Index (NDVI)
VegetationIndex,
/// Surface Reflectance
SurfaceReflectance,
/// Snow Cover
SnowCover,
/// Fire Detection
FireDetection,
/// Ocean Color
OceanColor,
}
impl ModisProduct {
/// Get product short name
pub fn short_name(&self) -> &str {
match self {
ModisProduct::LandSurfaceTemp => "MOD11A1",
ModisProduct::VegetationIndex => "MOD13A1",
ModisProduct::SurfaceReflectance => "MOD09GA",
ModisProduct::SnowCover => "MOD10A1",
ModisProduct::FireDetection => "MOD14A1",
ModisProduct::OceanColor => "MODOCGA",
}
}
}
/// Satellite observation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SatelliteObservation {
/// Granule ID
pub granule_id: String,
/// Product type
pub product: String,
/// Acquisition time
pub time_start: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Time end
pub time_end: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Bounding box
pub bounding_box: BoundingBox,
/// Cloud cover percentage
pub cloud_cover: Option<f64>,
/// Day/night flag
pub day_night: Option<String>,
/// Download URLs
pub links: Vec<String>,
/// Additional metadata
pub metadata: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
}
/// NASA Earthdata API client
pub struct NasaClient {
client: Client,
token: Option<String>,
base_url: String,
}
/// CMR (Common Metadata Repository) search response
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CmrResponse {
/// Feed
pub feed: CmrFeed,
}
/// CMR feed
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CmrFeed {
/// Entries
pub entry: Vec<CmrEntry>,
}
/// CMR entry (granule)
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CmrEntry {
/// ID
pub id: String,
/// Title
pub title: String,
/// Time start
pub time_start: String,
/// Time end
pub time_end: String,
/// Bounding box
pub boxes: Option<Vec<String>>,
/// Links
pub links: Option<Vec<CmrLink>>,
/// Cloud cover
pub cloud_cover: Option<String>,
/// Day/night flag
pub day_night_flag: Option<String>,
}
/// CMR link
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CmrLink {
/// Relation
pub rel: String,
/// Href
pub href: String,
/// Type
#[serde(rename = "type")]
pub link_type: Option<String>,
}
impl NasaClient {
/// Create a new NASA Earthdata client
pub fn new(token: Option<String>) -> Self {
let client = Client::builder()
.timeout(Duration::from_secs(60))
.user_agent("RuVector/0.1.0")
.build()
.expect("Failed to build HTTP client");
Self {
client,
token,
base_url: "https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search".to_string(),
}
}
/// Health check
pub async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<bool, ClimateError> {
let url = format!("{}/collections?page_size=1", self.base_url);
let response = self.client.get(&url).send().await?;
Ok(response.status().is_success())
}
/// Search for MODIS granules
pub async fn search_modis(
&self,
product: ModisProduct,
bounds: Option<BoundingBox>,
start_date: DateTime<Utc>,
end_date: DateTime<Utc>,
limit: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<SatelliteObservation>, ClimateError> {
let mut params = format!(
"short_name={}&temporal={},{}&page_size={}",
product.short_name(),
start_date.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
end_date.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
limit.min(2000)
);
if let Some(bbox) = bounds {
params.push_str(&format!(
"&bounding_box={},{},{},{}",
bbox.min_lon, bbox.min_lat, bbox.max_lon, bbox.max_lat
));
}
let url = format!("{}/granules.json?{}", self.base_url, params);
let mut req = self.client.get(&url);
if let Some(ref token) = self.token {
req = req.header("Authorization", format!("Bearer {}", token));
}
let response = req.send().await?;
if !response.status().is_success() {
return Err(ClimateError::Api(format!(
"CMR search failed: {}",
response.status()
)));
}
let cmr_response: CmrResponse = response.json().await?;
let observations: Vec<SatelliteObservation> = cmr_response
.feed
.entry
.into_iter()
.filter_map(|entry| self.convert_entry(entry, &product).ok())
.collect();
Ok(observations)
}
/// Convert CMR entry to satellite observation
fn convert_entry(
&self,
entry: CmrEntry,
product: &ModisProduct,
) -> Result<SatelliteObservation, ClimateError> {
// Parse times
let time_start = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&entry.time_start)
.map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
.map_err(|_| ClimateError::DataFormat("Invalid time_start".to_string()))?;
let time_end = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&entry.time_end)
.map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
.map_err(|_| ClimateError::DataFormat("Invalid time_end".to_string()))?;
// Parse bounding box
let bounding_box = entry
.boxes
.as_ref()
.and_then(|boxes| boxes.first())
.and_then(|box_str| self.parse_box(box_str))
.unwrap_or(BoundingBox::global());
// Extract download links
let links: Vec<String> = entry
.links
.unwrap_or_default()
.into_iter()
.filter(|l| l.rel == "http://esipfed.org/ns/fedsearch/1.1/data#")
.map(|l| l.href)
.collect();
// Parse cloud cover
let cloud_cover = entry
.cloud_cover
.as_ref()
.and_then(|s| s.parse().ok());
Ok(SatelliteObservation {
granule_id: entry.id,
product: product.short_name().to_string(),
time_start,
time_end,
bounding_box,
cloud_cover,
day_night: entry.day_night_flag,
links,
metadata: HashMap::new(),
})
}
/// Parse bounding box string
fn parse_box(&self, box_str: &str) -> Option<BoundingBox> {
let parts: Vec<f64> = box_str
.split_whitespace()
.filter_map(|s| s.parse().ok())
.collect();
if parts.len() == 4 {
Some(BoundingBox::new(parts[0], parts[2], parts[1], parts[3]))
} else {
None
}
}
/// Convert satellite observation to climate observation
pub fn to_climate_observation(
&self,
sat_obs: &SatelliteObservation,
value: f64,
variable: WeatherVariable,
) -> ClimateObservation {
let center = sat_obs.bounding_box.center();
ClimateObservation {
station_id: sat_obs.granule_id.clone(),
timestamp: sat_obs.time_start,
location: center,
variable,
value,
quality: if sat_obs.cloud_cover.unwrap_or(0.0) < 20.0 {
QualityFlag::Good
} else {
QualityFlag::Suspect
},
source: DataSourceType::NasaModis,
metadata: sat_obs.metadata.clone(),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_modis_product_names() {
assert_eq!(ModisProduct::LandSurfaceTemp.short_name(), "MOD11A1");
assert_eq!(ModisProduct::VegetationIndex.short_name(), "MOD13A1");
}
#[test]
fn test_client_creation() {
let client = NasaClient::new(None);
assert!(client.token.is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_parse_box() {
let client = NasaClient::new(None);
let bbox = client.parse_box("30.0 -100.0 40.0 -90.0");
assert!(bbox.is_some());
let bbox = bbox.unwrap();
assert!((bbox.min_lat - 30.0).abs() < 0.01);
}
}

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//! Sensor network graph construction and analysis
use std::collections::HashMap;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::{ClimateObservation, WeatherVariable, BoundingBox};
/// A sensor node in the network graph
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SensorNode {
/// Station/sensor ID
pub id: String,
/// Station name
pub name: String,
/// Location (lat, lon)
pub location: (f64, f64),
/// Elevation (meters)
pub elevation: Option<f64>,
/// Variables measured
pub variables: Vec<WeatherVariable>,
/// Observation count
pub observation_count: u64,
/// Quality score (0-1)
pub quality_score: f64,
/// First observation
pub first_observation: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
/// Last observation
pub last_observation: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
}
/// An edge between sensors in the network
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SensorEdge {
/// Source sensor ID
pub source: String,
/// Target sensor ID
pub target: String,
/// Correlation coefficient
pub correlation: f64,
/// Distance (km)
pub distance_km: f64,
/// Edge weight (for min-cut)
pub weight: f64,
/// Variables used for correlation
pub variables: Vec<WeatherVariable>,
/// Observation overlap count
pub overlap_count: usize,
}
/// A sensor network graph
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SensorNetwork {
/// Network identifier
pub id: String,
/// Nodes (sensors)
pub nodes: HashMap<String, SensorNode>,
/// Edges (correlations)
pub edges: Vec<SensorEdge>,
/// Bounding box
pub bounding_box: Option<BoundingBox>,
/// Creation time
pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Network statistics
pub stats: NetworkStats,
}
/// Network statistics
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NetworkStats {
/// Number of nodes
pub node_count: usize,
/// Number of edges
pub edge_count: usize,
/// Average correlation
pub avg_correlation: f64,
/// Network density
pub density: f64,
/// Average degree
pub avg_degree: f64,
/// Clustering coefficient
pub clustering_coefficient: f64,
/// Min-cut value
pub min_cut_value: Option<f64>,
}
impl SensorNetwork {
/// Create an empty network
pub fn new(id: &str) -> Self {
Self {
id: id.to_string(),
nodes: HashMap::new(),
edges: Vec::new(),
bounding_box: None,
created_at: Utc::now(),
stats: NetworkStats::default(),
}
}
/// Add a sensor node
pub fn add_node(&mut self, node: SensorNode) {
self.nodes.insert(node.id.clone(), node);
self.update_stats();
}
/// Add an edge
pub fn add_edge(&mut self, edge: SensorEdge) {
self.edges.push(edge);
self.update_stats();
}
/// Get a node by ID
pub fn get_node(&self, id: &str) -> Option<&SensorNode> {
self.nodes.get(id)
}
/// Get edges for a node
pub fn get_edges_for_node(&self, id: &str) -> Vec<&SensorEdge> {
self.edges
.iter()
.filter(|e| e.source == id || e.target == id)
.collect()
}
/// Get neighbors of a node
pub fn get_neighbors(&self, id: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
self.edges
.iter()
.filter_map(|e| {
if e.source == id {
Some(e.target.as_str())
} else if e.target == id {
Some(e.source.as_str())
} else {
None
}
})
.collect()
}
/// Update statistics
fn update_stats(&mut self) {
self.stats.node_count = self.nodes.len();
self.stats.edge_count = self.edges.len();
if !self.edges.is_empty() {
self.stats.avg_correlation = self.edges.iter().map(|e| e.correlation).sum::<f64>()
/ self.edges.len() as f64;
}
let max_edges = if self.nodes.len() > 1 {
self.nodes.len() * (self.nodes.len() - 1) / 2
} else {
1
};
self.stats.density = self.edges.len() as f64 / max_edges as f64;
if !self.nodes.is_empty() {
self.stats.avg_degree = (2 * self.edges.len()) as f64 / self.nodes.len() as f64;
}
}
/// Convert to format suitable for RuVector min-cut
pub fn to_mincut_edges(&self) -> Vec<(u64, u64, f64)> {
let mut node_ids: HashMap<&str, u64> = HashMap::new();
let mut next_id = 0u64;
for id in self.nodes.keys() {
node_ids.insert(id.as_str(), next_id);
next_id += 1;
}
self.edges
.iter()
.filter_map(|e| {
let src_id = node_ids.get(e.source.as_str())?;
let tgt_id = node_ids.get(e.target.as_str())?;
Some((*src_id, *tgt_id, e.weight))
})
.collect()
}
/// Get node ID mapping
pub fn node_id_mapping(&self) -> HashMap<u64, String> {
let mut mapping = HashMap::new();
for (i, id) in self.nodes.keys().enumerate() {
mapping.insert(i as u64, id.clone());
}
mapping
}
}
/// Builder for sensor networks
pub struct SensorNetworkBuilder {
id: String,
observations: Vec<ClimateObservation>,
correlation_threshold: f64,
max_distance_km: f64,
min_overlap: usize,
variables: Vec<WeatherVariable>,
}
impl SensorNetworkBuilder {
/// Create a new network builder
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
id: format!("network_{}", Utc::now().timestamp()),
observations: Vec::new(),
correlation_threshold: 0.5,
max_distance_km: 500.0,
min_overlap: 30,
variables: vec![WeatherVariable::Temperature],
}
}
/// Set network ID
pub fn with_id(mut self, id: &str) -> Self {
self.id = id.to_string();
self
}
/// Add observations
pub fn add_observations(mut self, observations: Vec<ClimateObservation>) -> Self {
self.observations.extend(observations);
self
}
/// Set correlation threshold
pub fn correlation_threshold(mut self, threshold: f64) -> Self {
self.correlation_threshold = threshold;
self
}
/// Set maximum distance
pub fn max_distance_km(mut self, distance: f64) -> Self {
self.max_distance_km = distance;
self
}
/// Set minimum overlap
pub fn min_overlap(mut self, min: usize) -> Self {
self.min_overlap = min;
self
}
/// Set variables to use
pub fn variables(mut self, vars: Vec<WeatherVariable>) -> Self {
self.variables = vars;
self
}
/// Build the network
pub fn build(self) -> SensorNetwork {
let mut network = SensorNetwork::new(&self.id);
// Group observations by station
let mut station_obs: HashMap<String, Vec<&ClimateObservation>> = HashMap::new();
for obs in &self.observations {
station_obs.entry(obs.station_id.clone()).or_default().push(obs);
}
// Create nodes
for (station_id, observations) in &station_obs {
let first_obs = observations.iter().min_by_key(|o| o.timestamp);
let last_obs = observations.iter().max_by_key(|o| o.timestamp);
let location = first_obs.map(|o| o.location).unwrap_or((0.0, 0.0));
let variables: Vec<_> = observations.iter().map(|o| o.variable).collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>().into_iter().collect();
let node = SensorNode {
id: station_id.clone(),
name: station_id.clone(),
location,
elevation: None,
variables,
observation_count: observations.len() as u64,
quality_score: self.compute_quality_score(observations),
first_observation: first_obs.map(|o| o.timestamp),
last_observation: last_obs.map(|o| o.timestamp),
};
network.add_node(node);
}
// Create edges based on correlation
let station_ids: Vec<_> = station_obs.keys().cloned().collect();
for i in 0..station_ids.len() {
for j in (i + 1)..station_ids.len() {
let id_i = &station_ids[i];
let id_j = &station_ids[j];
let obs_i = &station_obs[id_i];
let obs_j = &station_obs[id_j];
// Check distance
let loc_i = obs_i.first().map(|o| o.location).unwrap_or((0.0, 0.0));
let loc_j = obs_j.first().map(|o| o.location).unwrap_or((0.0, 0.0));
let distance = haversine_distance(loc_i.0, loc_i.1, loc_j.0, loc_j.1);
if distance > self.max_distance_km {
continue;
}
// Compute correlation
let (correlation, overlap) = self.compute_correlation(obs_i, obs_j);
if correlation.abs() >= self.correlation_threshold && overlap >= self.min_overlap {
let edge = SensorEdge {
source: id_i.clone(),
target: id_j.clone(),
correlation,
distance_km: distance,
weight: correlation.abs(), // Use abs correlation as weight
variables: self.variables.clone(),
overlap_count: overlap,
};
network.add_edge(edge);
}
}
}
network
}
/// Compute quality score for a station
fn compute_quality_score(&self, observations: &[&ClimateObservation]) -> f64 {
if observations.is_empty() {
return 0.0;
}
let good_count = observations
.iter()
.filter(|o| o.quality == crate::QualityFlag::Good)
.count();
good_count as f64 / observations.len() as f64
}
/// Compute correlation between two stations
fn compute_correlation(&self, obs_a: &[&ClimateObservation], obs_b: &[&ClimateObservation]) -> (f64, usize) {
// Build time-aligned series
let mut map_a: HashMap<i64, f64> = HashMap::new();
let mut map_b: HashMap<i64, f64> = HashMap::new();
for obs in obs_a {
if self.variables.contains(&obs.variable) {
// Round to daily
let day = obs.timestamp.timestamp() / 86400;
map_a.insert(day, obs.value);
}
}
for obs in obs_b {
if self.variables.contains(&obs.variable) {
let day = obs.timestamp.timestamp() / 86400;
map_b.insert(day, obs.value);
}
}
// Find overlapping days
let mut vals_a = Vec::new();
let mut vals_b = Vec::new();
for (day, val_a) in &map_a {
if let Some(&val_b) = map_b.get(day) {
vals_a.push(*val_a);
vals_b.push(val_b);
}
}
let overlap = vals_a.len();
if overlap < 3 {
return (0.0, overlap);
}
// Pearson correlation
let mean_a = vals_a.iter().sum::<f64>() / overlap as f64;
let mean_b = vals_b.iter().sum::<f64>() / overlap as f64;
let mut cov = 0.0;
let mut var_a = 0.0;
let mut var_b = 0.0;
for i in 0..overlap {
let da = vals_a[i] - mean_a;
let db = vals_b[i] - mean_b;
cov += da * db;
var_a += da * da;
var_b += db * db;
}
let correlation = if var_a * var_b > 0.0 {
cov / (var_a.sqrt() * var_b.sqrt())
} else {
0.0
};
(correlation, overlap)
}
}
impl Default for SensorNetworkBuilder {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
/// Haversine distance between two points (km)
pub fn haversine_distance(lat1: f64, lon1: f64, lat2: f64, lon2: f64) -> f64 {
const R: f64 = 6371.0; // Earth radius in km
let lat1_rad = lat1.to_radians();
let lat2_rad = lat2.to_radians();
let delta_lat = (lat2 - lat1).to_radians();
let delta_lon = (lon2 - lon1).to_radians();
let a = (delta_lat / 2.0).sin().powi(2)
+ lat1_rad.cos() * lat2_rad.cos() * (delta_lon / 2.0).sin().powi(2);
let c = 2.0 * a.sqrt().asin();
R * c
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_haversine_distance() {
// NYC to LA approximately 3940 km
let dist = haversine_distance(40.7128, -74.0060, 34.0522, -118.2437);
assert!((dist - 3940.0).abs() < 100.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_empty_network() {
let network = SensorNetwork::new("test");
assert_eq!(network.stats.node_count, 0);
assert_eq!(network.stats.edge_count, 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_network_builder() {
let builder = SensorNetworkBuilder::new()
.correlation_threshold(0.7)
.max_distance_km(100.0);
let network = builder.build();
assert!(network.nodes.is_empty());
}
}

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examples/data/climate/src/noaa.rs Normal file
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//! NOAA data client and schemas
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::Duration;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use reqwest::{Client, StatusCode};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::{BoundingBox, ClimateError, ClimateObservation, DataSourceType, QualityFlag};
/// Weather variable types
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum WeatherVariable {
/// Temperature (Celsius)
Temperature,
/// Precipitation (mm)
Precipitation,
/// Snow depth (mm)
SnowDepth,
/// Wind speed (m/s)
WindSpeed,
/// Wind direction (degrees)
WindDirection,
/// Humidity (%)
Humidity,
/// Pressure (hPa)
Pressure,
/// Solar radiation (W/m^2)
SolarRadiation,
/// Other variable
Other,
}
impl WeatherVariable {
/// Get NOAA element code
pub fn noaa_code(&self) -> &str {
match self {
WeatherVariable::Temperature => "TMAX",
WeatherVariable::Precipitation => "PRCP",
WeatherVariable::SnowDepth => "SNWD",
WeatherVariable::WindSpeed => "AWND",
WeatherVariable::WindDirection => "WDF2",
WeatherVariable::Humidity => "RHAV",
WeatherVariable::Pressure => "PRES",
WeatherVariable::SolarRadiation => "TSUN",
WeatherVariable::Other => "TAVG",
}
}
/// Parse from NOAA code
pub fn from_noaa_code(code: &str) -> Self {
match code {
"TMAX" | "TMIN" | "TAVG" => WeatherVariable::Temperature,
"PRCP" => WeatherVariable::Precipitation,
"SNWD" | "SNOW" => WeatherVariable::SnowDepth,
"AWND" | "WSF2" | "WSF5" => WeatherVariable::WindSpeed,
"WDF2" | "WDF5" => WeatherVariable::WindDirection,
"RHAV" => WeatherVariable::Humidity,
"PRES" => WeatherVariable::Pressure,
"TSUN" => WeatherVariable::SolarRadiation,
_ => WeatherVariable::Other,
}
}
}
/// GHCN (Global Historical Climatology Network) station
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct GhcnStation {
/// Station ID
pub id: String,
/// Station name
pub name: String,
/// Latitude
pub latitude: f64,
/// Longitude
pub longitude: f64,
/// Elevation (meters)
pub elevation: Option<f64>,
/// State/province
pub state: Option<String>,
/// Country code
pub country: String,
/// Data coverage start
pub mindate: Option<String>,
/// Data coverage end
pub maxdate: Option<String>,
}
/// GHCN observation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct GhcnObservation {
/// Station ID
pub station: String,
/// Observation date
pub date: String,
/// Data type (element code)
pub datatype: String,
/// Value
pub value: f64,
/// Quality flags
#[serde(default)]
pub attributes: String,
}
/// NOAA API client
pub struct NoaaClient {
client: Client,
token: Option<String>,
base_url: String,
}
/// NOAA API response
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct NoaaResponse<T> {
/// Metadata
pub metadata: Option<NoaaMetadata>,
/// Results
pub results: Option<Vec<T>>,
}
/// NOAA response metadata
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct NoaaMetadata {
/// Result set info
pub resultset: Option<ResultSet>,
}
/// Result set info
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct ResultSet {
/// Offset
pub offset: u32,
/// Count
pub count: u32,
/// Limit
pub limit: u32,
}
impl NoaaClient {
/// Create a new NOAA client
pub fn new(token: Option<String>) -> Self {
let client = Client::builder()
.timeout(Duration::from_secs(30))
.user_agent("RuVector/0.1.0")
.build()
.expect("Failed to build HTTP client");
Self {
client,
token,
base_url: "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/api/v2".to_string(),
}
}
/// Health check
pub async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<bool, ClimateError> {
let url = format!("{}/datasets", self.base_url);
let mut req = self.client.get(&url);
if let Some(ref token) = self.token {
req = req.header("token", token);
}
let response = req.send().await?;
Ok(response.status().is_success())
}
/// Fetch GHCN observations
pub async fn fetch_ghcn_observations(
&self,
bounds: Option<BoundingBox>,
variables: &[WeatherVariable],
cursor: Option<String>,
limit: usize,
) -> Result<(Vec<ClimateObservation>, Option<String>), ClimateError> {
// Build query
let datatypes: Vec<_> = variables.iter().map(|v| v.noaa_code()).collect();
let datatype_param = datatypes.join(",");
let mut params = format!(
"datasetid=GHCND&datatypeid={}&limit={}",
datatype_param,
limit.min(1000)
);
if let Some(ref c) = cursor {
let offset: u32 = c.parse().unwrap_or(0);
params.push_str(&format!("&offset={}", offset));
}
if let Some(bbox) = bounds {
params.push_str(&format!(
"&extent={},{},{},{}",
bbox.min_lat, bbox.min_lon, bbox.max_lat, bbox.max_lon
));
}
// Add date range (last 30 days for demo)
let end_date = Utc::now();
let start_date = end_date - chrono::Duration::days(30);
params.push_str(&format!(
"&startdate={}&enddate={}",
start_date.format("%Y-%m-%d"),
end_date.format("%Y-%m-%d")
));
let url = format!("{}/data?{}", self.base_url, params);
let mut req = self.client.get(&url);
if let Some(ref token) = self.token {
req = req.header("token", token);
}
let response = req.send().await?;
match response.status() {
StatusCode::OK => {
let api_response: NoaaResponse<GhcnObservation> = response.json().await?;
let observations: Vec<ClimateObservation> = api_response
.results
.unwrap_or_default()
.into_iter()
.filter_map(|obs| self.convert_observation(obs).ok())
.collect();
// Compute next cursor
let next_cursor = api_response.metadata.and_then(|m| {
m.resultset.and_then(|rs| {
if rs.offset + rs.count < rs.limit {
Some((rs.offset + rs.count).to_string())
} else {
None
}
})
});
Ok((observations, next_cursor))
}
StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED => Err(ClimateError::Api("Invalid or missing API token".to_string())),
StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS => Err(ClimateError::Api("Rate limit exceeded".to_string())),
status => Err(ClimateError::Api(format!("Unexpected status: {}", status))),
}
}
/// Convert GHCN observation to generic format
fn convert_observation(&self, obs: GhcnObservation) -> Result<ClimateObservation, ClimateError> {
// Parse date
let timestamp = DateTime::parse_from_str(
&format!("{}T00:00:00Z", obs.date),
"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ",
)
.map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
.map_err(|_| ClimateError::DataFormat(format!("Invalid date: {}", obs.date)))?;
// Parse quality flag
let quality = if obs.attributes.contains("S") {
QualityFlag::Suspect
} else if obs.attributes.contains("X") {
QualityFlag::Erroneous
} else {
QualityFlag::Good
};
Ok(ClimateObservation {
station_id: obs.station,
timestamp,
location: (0.0, 0.0), // Would fetch from station metadata
variable: WeatherVariable::from_noaa_code(&obs.datatype),
value: obs.value,
quality,
source: DataSourceType::NoaaGhcn,
metadata: HashMap::new(),
})
}
/// Fetch stations in a bounding box
pub async fn fetch_stations(&self, bounds: BoundingBox) -> Result<Vec<GhcnStation>, ClimateError> {
let params = format!(
"datasetid=GHCND&extent={},{},{},{}&limit=1000",
bounds.min_lat, bounds.min_lon, bounds.max_lat, bounds.max_lon
);
let url = format!("{}/stations?{}", self.base_url, params);
let mut req = self.client.get(&url);
if let Some(ref token) = self.token {
req = req.header("token", token);
}
let response = req.send().await?;
match response.status() {
StatusCode::OK => {
let api_response: NoaaResponse<GhcnStation> = response.json().await?;
Ok(api_response.results.unwrap_or_default())
}
status => Err(ClimateError::Api(format!("Unexpected status: {}", status))),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_weather_variable_codes() {
assert_eq!(WeatherVariable::Temperature.noaa_code(), "TMAX");
assert_eq!(WeatherVariable::Precipitation.noaa_code(), "PRCP");
}
#[test]
fn test_variable_from_code() {
assert_eq!(
WeatherVariable::from_noaa_code("TMAX"),
WeatherVariable::Temperature
);
assert_eq!(
WeatherVariable::from_noaa_code("PRCP"),
WeatherVariable::Precipitation
);
}
#[test]
fn test_client_creation() {
let client = NoaaClient::new(None);
assert!(client.token.is_none());
}
}

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examples/data/climate/src/regime.rs Normal file
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//! Regime shift detection using RuVector's min-cut algorithms
use std::collections::HashMap;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::{ClimateObservation, SensorNetwork, SensorEdge, WeatherVariable};
/// A detected regime shift
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RegimeShift {
/// Shift identifier
pub id: String,
/// Timestamp when shift was detected
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Shift type
pub shift_type: ShiftType,
/// Shift severity
pub severity: ShiftSeverity,
/// Min-cut value before shift
pub mincut_before: f64,
/// Min-cut value after shift
pub mincut_after: f64,
/// Change magnitude
pub magnitude: f64,
/// Affected sensor IDs
pub affected_sensors: Vec<String>,
/// Geographic center of shift (lat, lon)
pub center: Option<(f64, f64)>,
/// Radius of effect (km)
pub radius_km: Option<f64>,
/// Primary variable affected
pub primary_variable: WeatherVariable,
/// Confidence score (0-1)
pub confidence: f64,
/// Evidence supporting the detection
pub evidence: Vec<ShiftEvidence>,
/// Interpretation of the shift
pub interpretation: String,
}
/// Type of regime shift
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ShiftType {
/// Network fragmentation (min-cut decreased significantly)
Fragmentation,
/// Network consolidation (min-cut increased)
Consolidation,
/// Localized disruption (subset of sensors)
LocalizedDisruption,
/// Global pattern change
GlobalPatternChange,
/// Seasonal transition
SeasonalTransition,
/// Unknown type
Unknown,
}
/// Severity of regime shift
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
pub enum ShiftSeverity {
/// Minor shift, might be noise
Minor,
/// Moderate shift, notable
Moderate,
/// Major shift, significant
Major,
/// Extreme shift, exceptional
Extreme,
}
impl ShiftSeverity {
/// Convert from magnitude
pub fn from_magnitude(magnitude: f64) -> Self {
if magnitude < 0.1 {
ShiftSeverity::Minor
} else if magnitude < 0.3 {
ShiftSeverity::Moderate
} else if magnitude < 0.5 {
ShiftSeverity::Major
} else {
ShiftSeverity::Extreme
}
}
}
/// Evidence for a regime shift
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ShiftEvidence {
/// Evidence type
pub evidence_type: String,
/// Numeric value
pub value: f64,
/// Explanation
pub explanation: String,
}
/// Regime shift detector using RuVector's min-cut
pub struct RegimeShiftDetector {
/// Configuration
config: RegimeDetectorConfig,
/// Historical min-cut values
mincut_history: Vec<(DateTime<Utc>, f64)>,
/// Historical partition info
partition_history: Vec<(DateTime<Utc>, Vec<String>, Vec<String>)>,
/// Detected shifts
detected_shifts: Vec<RegimeShift>,
}
/// Configuration for regime detection
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RegimeDetectorConfig {
/// Window size (hours)
pub window_hours: u32,
/// Slide step (hours)
pub slide_hours: u32,
/// Minimum change threshold for detection
pub detection_threshold: f64,
/// Use approximate min-cut
pub approximate: bool,
/// Approximation epsilon
pub epsilon: f64,
/// Minimum sensors for valid detection
pub min_sensors: usize,
/// Lookback windows for trend analysis
pub lookback_windows: usize,
}
impl Default for RegimeDetectorConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
window_hours: 168, // 1 week
slide_hours: 24, // 1 day
detection_threshold: 0.15,
approximate: true,
epsilon: 0.1,
min_sensors: 5,
lookback_windows: 10,
}
}
}
impl RegimeShiftDetector {
/// Create a new regime shift detector
pub fn new(config: RegimeDetectorConfig) -> Self {
Self {
config,
mincut_history: Vec::new(),
partition_history: Vec::new(),
detected_shifts: Vec::new(),
}
}
/// Detect regime shifts in a sensor network over time
///
/// This integrates with RuVector's min-cut algorithms to:
/// 1. Build dynamic correlation graphs from observations
/// 2. Compute min-cut values over sliding windows
/// 3. Detect significant changes indicating regime shifts
pub fn detect(
&mut self,
base_network: &SensorNetwork,
observations: &[ClimateObservation],
) -> Vec<RegimeShift> {
if observations.is_empty() || base_network.nodes.len() < self.config.min_sensors {
return vec![];
}
// Sort observations by time
let mut sorted_obs = observations.to_vec();
sorted_obs.sort_by_key(|o| o.timestamp);
// Slide window over time
let window_duration = chrono::Duration::hours(self.config.window_hours as i64);
let slide_duration = chrono::Duration::hours(self.config.slide_hours as i64);
let start_time = sorted_obs.first().unwrap().timestamp;
let end_time = sorted_obs.last().unwrap().timestamp;
let mut current_start = start_time;
let mut shift_counter = 0;
while current_start + window_duration <= end_time {
let window_end = current_start + window_duration;
// Get observations in window
let window_obs: Vec<_> = sorted_obs
.iter()
.filter(|o| o.timestamp >= current_start && o.timestamp < window_end)
.cloned()
.collect();
if window_obs.len() >= self.config.min_sensors * 10 {
// Build network from window observations
let window_network = self.build_window_network(base_network, &window_obs);
// Compute min-cut
let (mincut_value, partition) = self.compute_mincut(&window_network);
self.mincut_history.push((current_start, mincut_value));
if let Some((side_a, side_b)) = partition {
self.partition_history.push((current_start, side_a, side_b));
}
// Check for regime shift
if self.mincut_history.len() >= 2 {
let prev_mincut = self.mincut_history[self.mincut_history.len() - 2].1;
let delta = (mincut_value - prev_mincut) / prev_mincut.max(0.01);
if delta.abs() > self.config.detection_threshold {
let shift = self.create_shift_record(
&format!("shift_{}", shift_counter),
current_start,
prev_mincut,
mincut_value,
delta,
&window_network,
&window_obs,
);
self.detected_shifts.push(shift);
shift_counter += 1;
}
}
}
current_start = current_start + slide_duration;
}
self.detected_shifts.clone()
}
/// Build network from window observations
fn build_window_network(
&self,
base_network: &SensorNetwork,
observations: &[ClimateObservation],
) -> SensorNetwork {
let mut network = base_network.clone();
// Update edge weights based on observation correlations
let mut station_values: HashMap<&str, Vec<(DateTime<Utc>, f64)>> = HashMap::new();
for obs in observations {
station_values
.entry(&obs.station_id)
.or_default()
.push((obs.timestamp, obs.value));
}
// Recompute correlations
network.edges.clear();
let station_ids: Vec<_> = station_values.keys().cloned().collect();
for i in 0..station_ids.len() {
for j in (i + 1)..station_ids.len() {
let id_i = station_ids[i];
let id_j = station_ids[j];
let vals_i = &station_values[id_i];
let vals_j = &station_values[id_j];
let correlation = self.compute_correlation(vals_i, vals_j);
if correlation.abs() > 0.3 {
network.add_edge(SensorEdge {
source: id_i.to_string(),
target: id_j.to_string(),
correlation,
distance_km: 0.0, // Would compute from locations
weight: correlation.abs(),
variables: vec![],
overlap_count: vals_i.len().min(vals_j.len()),
});
}
}
}
network
}
/// Compute correlation between two time series
fn compute_correlation(&self, a: &[(DateTime<Utc>, f64)], b: &[(DateTime<Utc>, f64)]) -> f64 {
// Build time-indexed maps (daily resolution)
let mut map_a: HashMap<i64, f64> = HashMap::new();
let mut map_b: HashMap<i64, f64> = HashMap::new();
for (ts, val) in a {
let day = ts.timestamp() / 86400;
map_a.insert(day, *val);
}
for (ts, val) in b {
let day = ts.timestamp() / 86400;
map_b.insert(day, *val);
}
// Find overlapping days
let mut vals_a = Vec::new();
let mut vals_b = Vec::new();
for (day, val_a) in &map_a {
if let Some(&val_b) = map_b.get(day) {
vals_a.push(*val_a);
vals_b.push(val_b);
}
}
if vals_a.len() < 3 {
return 0.0;
}
// Pearson correlation
let n = vals_a.len();
let mean_a = vals_a.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let mean_b = vals_b.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let mut cov = 0.0;
let mut var_a = 0.0;
let mut var_b = 0.0;
for i in 0..n {
let da = vals_a[i] - mean_a;
let db = vals_b[i] - mean_b;
cov += da * db;
var_a += da * da;
var_b += db * db;
}
if var_a * var_b > 0.0 {
cov / (var_a.sqrt() * var_b.sqrt())
} else {
0.0
}
}
/// Compute min-cut for network
///
/// Uses RuVector's min-cut algorithms when available
fn compute_mincut(&self, network: &SensorNetwork) -> (f64, Option<(Vec<String>, Vec<String>)>) {
// Convert to min-cut format
let edges = network.to_mincut_edges();
let node_mapping = network.node_id_mapping();
if edges.is_empty() {
return (0.0, None);
}
// Simplified min-cut computation for demo
// In production, use ruvector_mincut::MinCutBuilder
let total_weight: f64 = edges.iter().map(|(_, _, w)| w).sum();
let avg_degree = (2.0 * edges.len() as f64) / node_mapping.len() as f64;
let approx_mincut = if edges.is_empty() {
0.0
} else {
total_weight / avg_degree.max(1.0)
};
// Simple partition (would use actual min-cut partition)
let all_nodes: Vec<String> = node_mapping.values().cloned().collect();
let mid = all_nodes.len() / 2;
let side_a = all_nodes[..mid].to_vec();
let side_b = all_nodes[mid..].to_vec();
(approx_mincut, Some((side_a, side_b)))
}
/// Create a regime shift record
fn create_shift_record(
&self,
id: &str,
timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
mincut_before: f64,
mincut_after: f64,
delta: f64,
network: &SensorNetwork,
observations: &[ClimateObservation],
) -> RegimeShift {
let magnitude = delta.abs();
let severity = ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(magnitude);
let shift_type = if delta < -0.3 {
ShiftType::Fragmentation
} else if delta > 0.3 {
ShiftType::Consolidation
} else if network.nodes.len() < 10 {
ShiftType::LocalizedDisruption
} else {
ShiftType::GlobalPatternChange
};
// Find affected sensors (those with high observation variance)
let affected_sensors = self.find_affected_sensors(network, observations);
// Compute center
let center = self.compute_geographic_center(&affected_sensors, network);
// Primary variable
let primary_variable = observations
.first()
.map(|o| o.variable)
.unwrap_or(WeatherVariable::Temperature);
// Compute confidence based on evidence
let confidence = self.compute_confidence(magnitude, network.nodes.len(), observations.len());
// Build evidence
let evidence = vec![
ShiftEvidence {
evidence_type: "mincut_change".to_string(),
value: delta,
explanation: format!(
"Min-cut {} by {:.1}%",
if delta > 0.0 { "increased" } else { "decreased" },
delta.abs() * 100.0
),
},
ShiftEvidence {
evidence_type: "affected_sensors".to_string(),
value: affected_sensors.len() as f64,
explanation: format!("{} sensors significantly affected", affected_sensors.len()),
},
ShiftEvidence {
evidence_type: "network_size".to_string(),
value: network.nodes.len() as f64,
explanation: format!("Network has {} sensors", network.nodes.len()),
},
];
let interpretation = self.interpret_shift(shift_type, severity, &affected_sensors);
RegimeShift {
id: id.to_string(),
timestamp,
shift_type,
severity,
mincut_before,
mincut_after,
magnitude,
affected_sensors,
center,
radius_km: Some(100.0), // Would compute from sensor positions
primary_variable,
confidence,
evidence,
interpretation,
}
}
/// Find affected sensors
fn find_affected_sensors(
&self,
network: &SensorNetwork,
observations: &[ClimateObservation],
) -> Vec<String> {
let mut station_stats: HashMap<&str, (f64, f64, usize)> = HashMap::new(); // (sum, sum_sq, count)
for obs in observations {
let entry = station_stats
.entry(&obs.station_id)
.or_insert((0.0, 0.0, 0));
entry.0 += obs.value;
entry.1 += obs.value * obs.value;
entry.2 += 1;
}
// Compute variance for each station
let mut variances: Vec<(&str, f64)> = station_stats
.iter()
.filter(|(_, (_, _, count))| *count >= 3)
.map(|(id, (sum, sum_sq, count))| {
let mean = sum / *count as f64;
let variance = sum_sq / *count as f64 - mean * mean;
(*id, variance)
})
.collect();
// Return stations with above-average variance
let avg_variance: f64 = variances.iter().map(|(_, v)| v).sum::<f64>()
/ variances.len().max(1) as f64;
variances
.iter()
.filter(|(_, v)| *v > avg_variance * 1.5)
.map(|(id, _)| id.to_string())
.collect()
}
/// Compute geographic center
fn compute_geographic_center(
&self,
sensor_ids: &[String],
network: &SensorNetwork,
) -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
if sensor_ids.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let mut sum_lat = 0.0;
let mut sum_lon = 0.0;
let mut count = 0;
for id in sensor_ids {
if let Some(node) = network.get_node(id) {
sum_lat += node.location.0;
sum_lon += node.location.1;
count += 1;
}
}
if count > 0 {
Some((sum_lat / count as f64, sum_lon / count as f64))
} else {
None
}
}
/// Compute confidence score
fn compute_confidence(&self, magnitude: f64, sensor_count: usize, obs_count: usize) -> f64 {
let magnitude_score = (magnitude.min(1.0)).max(0.0);
let sensor_score = (sensor_count as f64 / 50.0).min(1.0);
let obs_score = (obs_count as f64 / 1000.0).min(1.0);
(magnitude_score * 0.4 + sensor_score * 0.3 + obs_score * 0.3).min(1.0)
}
/// Interpret the shift
fn interpret_shift(
&self,
shift_type: ShiftType,
severity: ShiftSeverity,
affected_sensors: &[String],
) -> String {
let severity_str = match severity {
ShiftSeverity::Minor => "Minor",
ShiftSeverity::Moderate => "Moderate",
ShiftSeverity::Major => "Major",
ShiftSeverity::Extreme => "Extreme",
};
let type_str = match shift_type {
ShiftType::Fragmentation => "network fragmentation (decreased correlation)",
ShiftType::Consolidation => "network consolidation (increased correlation)",
ShiftType::LocalizedDisruption => "localized weather pattern disruption",
ShiftType::GlobalPatternChange => "large-scale pattern change",
ShiftType::SeasonalTransition => "seasonal transition",
ShiftType::Unknown => "undetermined regime change",
};
format!(
"{} {} detected affecting {} sensors",
severity_str,
type_str,
affected_sensors.len()
)
}
/// Get min-cut history
pub fn mincut_history(&self) -> &[(DateTime<Utc>, f64)] {
&self.mincut_history
}
/// Get detected shifts
pub fn detected_shifts(&self) -> &[RegimeShift] {
&self.detected_shifts
}
/// Get shifts by severity
pub fn shifts_by_severity(&self, min_severity: ShiftSeverity) -> Vec<&RegimeShift> {
self.detected_shifts
.iter()
.filter(|s| s.severity >= min_severity)
.collect()
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_shift_severity() {
assert_eq!(ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(0.05), ShiftSeverity::Minor);
assert_eq!(ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(0.2), ShiftSeverity::Moderate);
assert_eq!(ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(0.4), ShiftSeverity::Major);
assert_eq!(ShiftSeverity::from_magnitude(0.6), ShiftSeverity::Extreme);
}
#[test]
fn test_detector_creation() {
let config = RegimeDetectorConfig::default();
let detector = RegimeShiftDetector::new(config);
assert!(detector.detected_shifts().is_empty());
}
}

564
examples/data/climate/src/timeseries.rs Normal file
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//! Time series processing and vectorization for RuVector
use std::collections::HashMap;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use ndarray::Array1;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::ClimateObservation;
/// A vectorized time series for RuVector storage
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TimeSeriesVector {
/// Series identifier
pub id: String,
/// Station/source ID
pub station_id: String,
/// Start time
pub start_time: DateTime<Utc>,
/// End time
pub end_time: DateTime<Utc>,
/// Temporal resolution (seconds)
pub resolution_secs: i64,
/// Feature vector for similarity search
pub embedding: Vec<f32>,
/// Statistical summary
pub stats: SeriesStats,
/// Raw values (optional, for debugging)
pub raw_values: Option<Vec<f64>>,
}
/// Statistical summary of a time series
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SeriesStats {
/// Number of observations
pub count: usize,
/// Mean value
pub mean: f64,
/// Standard deviation
pub std_dev: f64,
/// Minimum value
pub min: f64,
/// Maximum value
pub max: f64,
/// Trend (linear slope)
pub trend: f64,
/// Variance ratio (for stationarity check)
pub variance_ratio: f64,
/// Autocorrelation at lag 1
pub autocorr_lag1: f64,
}
/// Seasonal decomposition result
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SeasonalDecomposition {
/// Trend component
pub trend: Vec<f64>,
/// Seasonal component
pub seasonal: Vec<f64>,
/// Residual component
pub residual: Vec<f64>,
/// Period detected
pub period: usize,
/// Strength of seasonality (0-1)
pub seasonal_strength: f64,
/// Strength of trend (0-1)
pub trend_strength: f64,
}
/// Time series processor
pub struct TimeSeriesProcessor {
/// Configuration
config: ProcessorConfig,
}
/// Processor configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProcessorConfig {
/// Target embedding dimension
pub embedding_dim: usize,
/// Window size for rolling statistics
pub window_size: usize,
/// Enable seasonal decomposition
pub decompose_seasonal: bool,
/// Seasonal period (if known)
pub seasonal_period: Option<usize>,
/// Normalize embeddings
pub normalize: bool,
}
impl Default for ProcessorConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
embedding_dim: 128,
window_size: 7,
decompose_seasonal: true,
seasonal_period: None,
normalize: true,
}
}
}
impl TimeSeriesProcessor {
/// Create a new processor
pub fn new(config: ProcessorConfig) -> Self {
Self { config }
}
/// Process observations into a time series vector
pub fn process(&self, observations: &[ClimateObservation]) -> Option<TimeSeriesVector> {
if observations.is_empty() {
return None;
}
// Sort by time
let mut sorted = observations.to_vec();
sorted.sort_by_key(|o| o.timestamp);
// Extract values and times
let values: Vec<f64> = sorted.iter().map(|o| o.value).collect();
let times: Vec<DateTime<Utc>> = sorted.iter().map(|o| o.timestamp).collect();
let start_time = times.first().cloned()?;
let end_time = times.last().cloned()?;
let station_id = sorted.first()?.station_id.clone();
// Compute resolution
let resolution_secs = if times.len() >= 2 {
let diffs: Vec<i64> = times
.windows(2)
.map(|w| (w[1] - w[0]).num_seconds())
.collect();
diffs.iter().sum::<i64>() / diffs.len() as i64
} else {
86400 // Default to daily
};
// Compute statistics
let stats = self.compute_stats(&values);
// Generate embedding
let embedding = self.generate_embedding(&values, &stats);
Some(TimeSeriesVector {
id: format!("{}_{}", station_id, start_time.timestamp()),
station_id,
start_time,
end_time,
resolution_secs,
embedding,
stats,
raw_values: Some(values),
})
}
/// Compute statistical summary
fn compute_stats(&self, values: &[f64]) -> SeriesStats {
let n = values.len();
if n == 0 {
return SeriesStats {
count: 0,
mean: 0.0,
std_dev: 0.0,
min: 0.0,
max: 0.0,
trend: 0.0,
variance_ratio: 1.0,
autocorr_lag1: 0.0,
};
}
let mean = values.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let variance = values.iter().map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
let min = values.iter().cloned().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
let max = values.iter().cloned().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
// Linear trend
let trend = self.compute_trend(values);
// Variance ratio (for stationarity)
let variance_ratio = if n > 10 {
let mid = n / 2;
let var1: f64 =
values[..mid].iter().map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / mid as f64;
let var2: f64 =
values[mid..].iter().map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / (n - mid) as f64;
if var1 > 0.0 {
var2 / var1
} else {
1.0
}
} else {
1.0
};
// Autocorrelation at lag 1
let autocorr_lag1 = self.compute_autocorr(values, 1);
SeriesStats {
count: n,
mean,
std_dev,
min,
max,
trend,
variance_ratio,
autocorr_lag1,
}
}
/// Compute linear trend
fn compute_trend(&self, values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
let n = values.len();
if n < 2 {
return 0.0;
}
let x_mean = (n - 1) as f64 / 2.0;
let y_mean = values.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let mut num = 0.0;
let mut denom = 0.0;
for (i, &y) in values.iter().enumerate() {
let x = i as f64;
num += (x - x_mean) * (y - y_mean);
denom += (x - x_mean).powi(2);
}
if denom > 0.0 {
num / denom
} else {
0.0
}
}
/// Compute autocorrelation at given lag
fn compute_autocorr(&self, values: &[f64], lag: usize) -> f64 {
let n = values.len();
if n <= lag {
return 0.0;
}
let mean = values.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let variance: f64 = values.iter().map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2)).sum();
if variance == 0.0 {
return 0.0;
}
let mut cov = 0.0;
for i in lag..n {
cov += (values[i] - mean) * (values[i - lag] - mean);
}
cov / variance
}
/// Generate embedding vector for similarity search
fn generate_embedding(&self, values: &[f64], stats: &SeriesStats) -> Vec<f32> {
let mut embedding = Vec::with_capacity(self.config.embedding_dim);
// Statistical features (first 16 dimensions)
embedding.push(stats.mean as f32);
embedding.push(stats.std_dev as f32);
embedding.push(stats.min as f32);
embedding.push(stats.max as f32);
embedding.push(stats.trend as f32);
embedding.push(stats.variance_ratio as f32);
embedding.push(stats.autocorr_lag1 as f32);
embedding.push((stats.max - stats.min) as f32); // Range
// Quantile features
let quantiles = self.compute_quantiles(values, &[0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9]);
for q in quantiles {
embedding.push(q as f32);
}
// Pad to reach target dimension
while embedding.len() < 16 {
embedding.push(0.0);
}
// Rolling window features (next 32 dimensions)
if values.len() >= self.config.window_size {
let rolling_means = self.rolling_mean(values, self.config.window_size);
let rolling_stds = self.rolling_std(values, self.config.window_size);
// Sample evenly from rolling stats
let sample_count = 16;
for i in 0..sample_count {
let idx = i * rolling_means.len() / sample_count;
if idx < rolling_means.len() {
embedding.push(rolling_means[idx] as f32);
embedding.push(rolling_stds[idx] as f32);
}
}
}
// Pad to target dimension
while embedding.len() < self.config.embedding_dim {
embedding.push(0.0);
}
// Truncate if needed
embedding.truncate(self.config.embedding_dim);
// Normalize
if self.config.normalize {
let norm: f32 = embedding.iter().map(|x| x * x).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
if norm > 0.0 {
for x in &mut embedding {
*x /= norm;
}
}
}
embedding
}
/// Compute quantiles
fn compute_quantiles(&self, values: &[f64], quantiles: &[f64]) -> Vec<f64> {
if values.is_empty() {
return quantiles.iter().map(|_| 0.0).collect();
}
let mut sorted = values.to_vec();
sorted.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));
quantiles
.iter()
.map(|q| {
let idx = (q * (sorted.len() - 1) as f64).round() as usize;
sorted[idx.min(sorted.len() - 1)]
})
.collect()
}
/// Rolling mean
fn rolling_mean(&self, values: &[f64], window: usize) -> Vec<f64> {
if values.len() < window {
return vec![];
}
let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(values.len() - window + 1);
let mut sum: f64 = values[..window].iter().sum();
result.push(sum / window as f64);
for i in window..values.len() {
sum += values[i] - values[i - window];
result.push(sum / window as f64);
}
result
}
/// Rolling standard deviation
fn rolling_std(&self, values: &[f64], window: usize) -> Vec<f64> {
if values.len() < window {
return vec![];
}
let means = self.rolling_mean(values, window);
means
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, &mean)| {
let variance: f64 = values[i..i + window]
.iter()
.map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2))
.sum::<f64>()
/ window as f64;
variance.sqrt()
})
.collect()
}
/// Decompose time series into trend, seasonal, and residual components
pub fn decompose(&self, values: &[f64], period: usize) -> SeasonalDecomposition {
let n = values.len();
if n < period * 2 {
return SeasonalDecomposition {
trend: values.to_vec(),
seasonal: vec![0.0; n],
residual: vec![0.0; n],
period,
seasonal_strength: 0.0,
trend_strength: 0.0,
};
}
// Simple moving average for trend
let mut trend = vec![0.0; n];
let half_period = period / 2;
for i in half_period..(n - half_period) {
let window: f64 = values[(i - half_period)..(i + half_period + 1)]
.iter()
.sum();
trend[i] = window / period as f64;
}
// Fill edges with nearest values
for i in 0..half_period {
trend[i] = trend[half_period];
}
for i in (n - half_period)..n {
trend[i] = trend[n - half_period - 1];
}
// Detrended series
let detrended: Vec<f64> = values.iter().zip(&trend).map(|(v, t)| v - t).collect();
// Compute seasonal pattern
let mut seasonal = vec![0.0; n];
for i in 0..period {
let indices: Vec<usize> = (i..n).step_by(period).collect();
let seasonal_mean: f64 = indices.iter().map(|&j| detrended[j]).sum::<f64>()
/ indices.len() as f64;
for &j in &indices {
seasonal[j] = seasonal_mean;
}
}
// Residual
let residual: Vec<f64> = values
.iter()
.zip(&trend)
.zip(&seasonal)
.map(|((v, t), s)| v - t - s)
.collect();
// Compute strength measures
let residual_var: f64 = residual.iter().map(|r| r * r).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let detrended_var: f64 = detrended.iter().map(|d| d * d).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let deseasoned: Vec<f64> = values.iter().zip(&seasonal).map(|(v, s)| v - s).collect();
let deseasoned_var: f64 = deseasoned.iter().map(|d| d * d).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
let seasonal_strength = if detrended_var > 0.0 {
(1.0 - residual_var / detrended_var).max(0.0)
} else {
0.0
};
let trend_strength = if deseasoned_var > 0.0 {
(1.0 - residual_var / deseasoned_var).max(0.0)
} else {
0.0
};
SeasonalDecomposition {
trend,
seasonal,
residual,
period,
seasonal_strength,
trend_strength,
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_processor_creation() {
let config = ProcessorConfig::default();
let processor = TimeSeriesProcessor::new(config);
assert_eq!(processor.config.embedding_dim, 128);
}
#[test]
fn test_compute_stats() {
let config = ProcessorConfig::default();
let processor = TimeSeriesProcessor::new(config);
let values = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0];
let stats = processor.compute_stats(&values);
assert_eq!(stats.count, 5);
assert!((stats.mean - 3.0).abs() < 0.001);
assert!((stats.min - 1.0).abs() < 0.001);
assert!((stats.max - 5.0).abs() < 0.001);
}
#[test]
fn test_trend_calculation() {
let config = ProcessorConfig::default();
let processor = TimeSeriesProcessor::new(config);
let values = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0];
let trend = processor.compute_trend(&values);
assert!((trend - 1.0).abs() < 0.001); // Perfect linear trend
}
#[test]
fn test_rolling_mean() {
let config = ProcessorConfig::default();
let processor = TimeSeriesProcessor::new(config);
let values = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0];
let rolling = processor.rolling_mean(&values, 3);
assert_eq!(rolling.len(), 3);
assert!((rolling[0] - 2.0).abs() < 0.001);
assert!((rolling[1] - 3.0).abs() < 0.001);
assert!((rolling[2] - 4.0).abs() < 0.001);
}
#[test]
fn test_decomposition() {
let config = ProcessorConfig::default();
let processor = TimeSeriesProcessor::new(config);
// Create synthetic data with trend and seasonality
let n = 100;
let period = 12;
let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(n);
for i in 0..n {
let trend = 0.1 * i as f64;
let seasonal = 5.0 * (2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * i as f64 / period as f64).sin();
values.push(trend + seasonal);
}
let decomp = processor.decompose(&values, period);
assert_eq!(decomp.trend.len(), n);
assert_eq!(decomp.seasonal.len(), n);
assert_eq!(decomp.residual.len(), n);
assert!(decomp.seasonal_strength > 0.5);
}
}