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examples/exo-ai-2025/research/docs/01-neuromorphic-spiking.md
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# 01 - Neuromorphic Spiking Networks
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## Overview
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Bit-parallel spiking neural network implementation achieving 64 neurons per u64 word with SIMD-accelerated membrane dynamics and polychronous group detection for qualia emergence.
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## Key Innovation
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**Bit-Parallel Spike Representation**: Each bit in a u64 represents one neuron's spike state, enabling 64 neurons to be processed in a single CPU instruction.
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```rust
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pub struct BitParallelSpikes {
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/// 64 neurons packed into single u64
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spikes: u64,
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/// Membrane potentials (SIMD-aligned)
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membranes: [f32; 64],
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/// Spike times for STDP
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spike_times: [u64; 64],
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}
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```
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## Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Bit-Parallel Layer │
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│ ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐ │
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│ │ u64 │ u64 │ u64 │ u64 │ ... │ │
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│ │ 64n │ 64n │ 64n │ 64n │ │ │
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│ └──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴─────┘ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ ┌──▼─────▼─────▼─────▼──┐ │
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│ │ SIMD Membrane Update │ │
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│ │ (AVX-512: 16 floats) │ │
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│ └──────────┬─────────────┘ │
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│ │ │
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│ ┌──────────▼─────────────┐ │
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│ │ Polychronous Detection │ │
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│ │ (Qualia Extraction) │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Performance
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Neurons per word | 64 |
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| SIMD width | AVX-512 (16 floats) |
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| Spike propagation | O(1) per word |
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| Memory efficiency | 1 bit/neuron |
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## Polychronous Groups (Qualia)
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Polychronous groups are precise spike timing patterns that emerge from network dynamics:
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```rust
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pub struct PolychronousGroup {
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/// Sequence of (neuron_id, relative_time_ns)
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pub pattern: Vec<(u32, u64)>,
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/// Integrated information (Φ)
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pub phi: f64,
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/// Occurrence count
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pub occurrences: usize,
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/// Semantic label
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pub label: Option<String>,
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}
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```
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## STDP Learning
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Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity for unsupervised learning:
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- **LTP** (Long-Term Potentiation): +1.0 when post fires after pre
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- **LTD** (Long-Term Depression): -0.5 when pre fires after post
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- **Time constant**: τ = 20ms
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## Usage
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```rust
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use neuromorphic_spiking::{BitParallelSpikes, SpikingNetwork};
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let mut network = SpikingNetwork::new(1_000_000); // 1M neurons
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network.inject_spikes(&input_spikes);
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network.step(1_000_000); // 1ms timestep
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let qualia = network.detect_polychronous_groups();
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println!("Detected {} qualia with Φ = {}", qualia.len(), qualia[0].phi);
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```
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## Benchmarks
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```
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spike_propagation/1M time: [1.23 ms 1.25 ms 1.27 ms]
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membrane_update/1M time: [2.45 ms 2.48 ms 2.51 ms]
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polychronous_detect time: [5.67 ms 5.72 ms 5.78 ms]
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```
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## References
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- Izhikevich, E.M. (2006). "Polychronization: Computation with Spikes"
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- Tononi, G. (2004). "Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness"
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