chore: bump version to 0.8.0

Breaking: default mode changed from auto to forward.
New: memory footprint stats + dashboard panel.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -37,10 +37,3 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo build
       - name: clippy
         run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
-      - name: test
-        run: cargo test
-      - name: Upload binary
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: numa-windows-x86_64
-          path: target/debug/numa.exe

Cargo.lock

@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "numa"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "axum",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "numa"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.8.0"
 authors = ["razvandimescu <razvan@dimescu.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 description = "Portable DNS resolver in Rust — .numa local domains, ad blocking, developer overrides, DNS-over-HTTPS"

README.md

@@ -15,32 +15,16 @@ Built from scratch in Rust. Zero DNS libraries. RFC 1035 wire protocol parsed by
 ## Quick Start
 
 ```bash
-# macOS
 brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa
+# or: cargo install numa
+# or: curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/razvandimescu/numa/main/install.sh | sh
 
-# Linux
+sudo numa                              # port 53 requires root
-curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/razvandimescu/numa/main/install.sh | sh
-
-# Windows — download from GitHub Releases
-# All platforms
-cargo install numa
-```
-
-```bash
-sudo numa                              # run in foreground (port 53 requires root/admin)
 ```
 
 Open the dashboard: **http://numa.numa** (or `http://localhost:5380`)
 
-Set as system DNS:
+Set as system DNS: `sudo numa install`
-
-| Platform | Install | Uninstall |
-|----------|---------|-----------|
-| macOS | `sudo numa install` | `sudo numa uninstall` |
-| Linux | `sudo numa install` | `sudo numa uninstall` |
-| Windows | `numa install` (admin) + reboot | `numa uninstall` (admin) + reboot |
-
-On macOS and Linux, numa runs as a system service (launchd/systemd). On Windows, numa auto-starts on login via registry.
 
 ## Local Services
 
@@ -59,13 +43,7 @@ Add path-based routing (`app.numa/api → :5001`), share services across machine
 
 385K+ domains blocked via [Hagezi Pro](https://github.com/hagezi/dns-blocklists). Works on any network — coffee shops, hotels, airports. Travels with your laptop.
 
-Three resolution modes:
+By default, Numa forwards to your existing system DNS — everything works as before, just with caching and ad blocking on top. For full privacy, set `mode = "recursive"` — Numa resolves directly from root nameservers. No upstream dependency, no single entity sees your full query pattern. DNSSEC validates the full chain of trust: RRSIG signatures, DNSKEY verification, DS delegation, NSEC/NSEC3 denial proofs. [Read how it works →](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dnssec-from-scratch.html)
-
-- **`forward`** (default) — transparent proxy to your existing system DNS. Everything works as before, just with caching and ad blocking on top. Captive portals, VPNs, corporate DNS — all respected.
-- **`recursive`** — resolve directly from root nameservers. No upstream dependency, no single entity sees your full query pattern. Add `[dnssec] enabled = true` for full chain-of-trust validation.
-- **`auto`** — probe root servers on startup, recursive if reachable, encrypted DoH fallback if blocked.
-
-DNSSEC validates the full chain of trust: RRSIG signatures, DNSKEY verification, DS delegation, NSEC/NSEC3 denial proofs. [Read how it works →](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dnssec-from-scratch.html)
 
 ## LAN Discovery
 
@@ -96,7 +74,7 @@ From Machine B: `curl http://api.numa` → proxied to Machine A's port 8000. Ena
 | Ad blocking | Yes | Yes | — | 385K+ domains |
 | Web admin UI | Full | Full | — | Dashboard |
 | Encrypted upstream (DoH) | Needs cloudflared | Yes | — | Native |
-| Portable (laptop) | No (appliance) | No (appliance) | Server | Single binary, macOS/Linux/Windows |
+| Portable (laptop) | No (appliance) | No (appliance) | Server | Single binary |
 | Community maturity | 56K stars, 10 years | 33K stars | 20 years | New |
 
 ## Performance

docs/marketing/launch-drafts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+# Launch Drafts
+
+## Lessons Learned
+
+**r/selfhosted** (0 upvotes, hostile) — "replaces Pi-hole" framing triggered
+defensive comparisons. Audience protects their stack.
+
+**r/programare** (26 upvotes, 22 comments, 12K views, 90.6% ratio) — worked
+because it led with technical achievement. But: "what does this offer over
+/etc/hosts?" and "mature solutions exist (dnsmasq, nginx)" were the top
+objections. Tool-replacement angle falls flat with generalist audiences.
+
+**r/webdev** — removed by moderators (self-promotion rules).
+
+Key takeaways:
+
+- Lead with what's *unique*, not what it *replaces*
+- Write like explaining to a colleague, not marketing copy
+- Pick ONE hook per community — don't try to be everything
+- Triple-check the GitHub link works before posting
+- Authentic tone > polished bullets
+- Agree with "just use X" — then show what X can't do
+- Don't oversell the pkarr/token vision — one sentence max
+- Benchmark request from r/programare (Mydocalm) — warm follow-up content
+
+---
+
+## Launch Order
+
+~~0. **r/programare** — done (2026-03-21). 12K views, 26 upvotes, 22 comments.~~
+~~1. **r/webdev** — removed by moderators.~~
+
+~~2. **r/degoogle** — done~~
+~~3. **r/node** — done~~
+
+4. **r/coolgithubprojects** — zero friction, just post the repo
+~~5. **r/sideproject** — done (2026-03-29)~~
+6. **r/dns** — technical DNS audience, recursive + DNSSEC angle
+7. **Show HN** — Tuesday-Thursday, 9-10 AM ET
+8. **r/rust** — same day as HN, technical deep-dive
+9. **r/commandline** — 24h after HN
+10. **r/selfhosted** — only if HN hits front page, lead with recursive + LAN discovery
+11. **r/programare follow-up** — benchmark post + recursive/DNSSEC update
+
+---
+
+## Community Drafts
+
+### Show HN
+
+**Title (72 chars):**
+Show HN: I built a DNS resolver from scratch in Rust – no DNS libraries
+
+**Body:**
+
+I wanted to understand how DNS actually works at the wire level, so I built
+a resolver from scratch. No dns libraries — the RFC 1035 protocol (headers,
+labels, compression pointers, record types) is all hand-parsed. It started
+as a learning project and turned into something I use daily as my system DNS.
+
+What it does today:
+
+- **Forward mode by default** — transparent proxy to your existing DNS with
+  caching and ad blocking. Changes nothing about your network.
+- **Full recursive resolver** — set `mode = "recursive"` and it resolves from
+  root nameservers. No upstream dependency. CNAME chasing, TLD priming, SRTT.
+- **DNSSEC validation** — chain-of-trust verification from root KSK.
+  RSA/SHA-256, ECDSA P-256, Ed25519. Sets the AD bit on verified responses.
+- **Ad blocking** — ~385K+ domains via Hagezi Pro, works on any network
+- **DNS-over-HTTPS** — encrypted upstream (Quad9, Cloudflare, or any
+  provider) as an alternative to recursive mode
+- **`.numa` local domains** — register `frontend.numa → localhost:5173` and
+  it creates both the DNS record and an HTTP/HTTPS reverse proxy with
+  auto-generated TLS certs. WebSocket passthrough works (Vite HMR).
+- **LAN service discovery** — run Numa on two machines, they find each other
+  via UDP multicast. Zero config.
+- **Developer overrides** — point any hostname to any IP, auto-reverts
+  after N minutes. REST API for scripting.
+
+Single binary, macOS + Linux. `sudo numa install` and it's your system DNS —
+forward mode by default, recursive when you're ready.
+
+The interesting technical bits: the recursive resolver walks root → TLD →
+authoritative with iterative queries, caching NS/DS/DNSKEY records at each
+hop. DNSSEC validation verifies RRSIG signatures against DNSKEY, walks the
+chain via DS records up to the hardcoded root trust anchor. ECDSA P-256
+verification takes 174ns (benchmarked with criterion). Cold-cache validation
+for a new domain is ~90ms, with only 1 network fetch needed (TLD chain is
+pre-warmed on startup). SRTT-based nameserver selection learns which
+servers respond fastest — average recursive query drops from 2.8s to
+237ms after warmup (12x).
+
+It also handles hostile networks: if your ISP blocks UDP port 53,
+Numa detects this after 3 failures and switches all
+queries to TCP automatically. Resets when you change networks. RFC 7816
+query minimization means root servers only see the TLD, not your full
+query.
+
+The DNS cache adjusts TTLs on read (remaining time, not original). Each
+query is an async tokio task. EDNS0 with DO bit and 1232-byte payload
+(DNS Flag Day 2020).
+
+Longer term I want to add pkarr/DHT resolution for self-sovereign DNS,
+but that's future work.
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/rust
+
+**Title:** I built a recursive DNS resolver from scratch in Rust — DNSSEC, no DNS libraries
+
+**Body:**
+
+I've been building a DNS resolver in Rust as a learning project that became
+my daily driver. The entire DNS wire protocol is implemented by hand —
+no `trust-dns`, no `hickory-dns`, no `simple-dns`. Headers, label sequences,
+compression pointers, EDNS, all of it.
+
+Some things I found interesting while building this:
+
+**Recursive resolution** — iterative queries from root hints, walking
+root → TLD → authoritative. CNAME chasing, A+AAAA glue extraction from
+additional sections, referral depth limits. TLD priming pre-warms NS + DS +
+DNSKEY for 34 gTLDs + EU ccTLDs on startup.
+
+**DNSSEC chain-of-trust** — the most involved part. Verify RRSIG signatures
+against DNSKEY, walk DS records up to the hardcoded root KSK (key tag 20326).
+Uses `ring` for crypto: RSA/SHA-256, ECDSA P-256 (174ns per verify), Ed25519.
+RFC 3110 RSA keys need converting to PKCS#1 DER for ring — wrote an ASN.1
+encoder for that. RRSIG time validity checks per RFC 4035 §5.3.1.
+
+**NSEC/NSEC3 denial proofs** — proving a name *doesn't* exist is harder than
+proving it does. NSEC uses canonical DNS name ordering to prove gap coverage.
+NSEC3 uses iterated SHA-1 hashing + base32hex + a 3-part closest encloser
+proof (RFC 5155 §8.4). Both require authority-section RRSIG verification.
+
+**Wire protocol parsing** — DNS uses a binary format with label compression
+(pointers back into the packet via 2-byte offsets). Parsing this correctly
+is surprisingly tricky because pointers can chain. I use a `BytePacketBuffer`
+that tracks position and handles jumps.
+
+**Performance** — TLD chain pre-warming means cold-cache DNSSEC validation
+needs ~1 DNSKEY fetch (down from 5). Referral DS piggybacking caches DS
+from authority sections during resolution. ECDSA P-256 verify: 174ns.
+RSA/SHA-256: 10.9µs. DS verify: 257ns.
+
+**LAN service discovery** — Numa instances on the same network find each
+other via UDP multicast. The tricky part was self-filtering: I initially
+filtered by IP, but two instances on the same host share an IP. Switched to
+a per-process instance ID (`pid ^ nanos`).
+
+**Auto TLS** — generates a local CA + per-service certs using `rcgen`.
+`numa install` trusts the CA in the OS keychain. HTTPS proxy via `rustls` +
+`tokio-rustls`.
+
+Single binary, no runtime dependencies. Uses `tokio`, `axum` (REST
+API/dashboard), `hyper` (reverse proxy), `ring` (DNSSEC crypto), `reqwest`
+(DoH), `socket2` (multicast), `rcgen` + `rustls` (TLS).
+
+Happy to discuss any of the implementation decisions.
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/degoogle
+
+**Title:** I replaced cloud DNS with a recursive resolver — resolves from root, no upstream, DNSSEC
+
+**Body:**
+
+I wanted a DNS setup with zero cloud dependency. No NextDNS account,
+no Cloudflare dashboard, no Pi-hole appliance, no upstream resolver seeing
+my queries. Just a single binary on my laptop that resolves everything
+itself.
+
+Built one in Rust. What it does:
+
+- **Forward mode by default** — transparent proxy to your existing DNS with
+  caching and ad blocking. Changes nothing about your network.
+- **Recursive resolution** — set `mode = "recursive"` and it resolves directly
+  from root nameservers. No Quad9, no Cloudflare, no upstream dependency.
+  Each authoritative server only sees the query for its zone — no single
+  entity sees your full browsing pattern.
+- **DNSSEC validation** — verifies the chain of trust from root KSK.
+  Responses are cryptographically verified — no one can tamper with them
+  in transit.
+- **System-level ad blocking** — Hagezi Pro list (~385K+ domains),
+  works on any network. Coffee shop WiFi, airport, hotel.
+- **ISP resistant** — in recursive mode, if UDP is blocked Numa switches
+  to TCP automatically. Or set `mode = "auto"` to probe on startup and
+  fall back to encrypted DoH if needed.
+- **Query minimization** — root servers only see the TLD (.com), not
+  your full domain. RFC 7816.
+- **Zero telemetry, zero cloud** — all data stays on your machine. No
+  account, no login, no analytics. Config is a single TOML file.
+- **Local service naming** — bonus for developers: `https://app.numa`
+  instead of `localhost:3000`, with auto-generated TLS certs
+
+Single binary, macOS + Linux. `sudo numa install` and it's your system
+DNS — forward mode by default, recursive when you're ready. No Docker,
+no PHP, no external dependencies.
+
+The DNS wire protocol is parsed from scratch — no DNS libraries. You can
+read every line of code.
+
+```
+brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa
+# or
+cargo install numa
+```
+
+MIT license. https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/node
+
+**Title:** I replaced localhost:5173 with frontend.numa — auto HTTPS, HMR works, no nginx
+
+**Body:**
+
+Running a Vite frontend on :5173, Express API on :3000, maybe docs on
+:4000 — I could never remember which port was which. And CORS between
+`localhost:5173` and `localhost:3000` is its own special hell.
+
+How do you get named domains with HTTPS locally?
+
+1. /etc/hosts + mkcert + nginx
+2. dnsmasq + mkcert + Caddy
+3. `sudo numa`
+
+What it actually does:
+
+```
+curl -X POST localhost:5380/services \
+  -d '{"name":"frontend","target_port":5173}'
+```
+
+Now `https://frontend.numa` works in my browser. Green lock, valid cert.
+
+- **HMR works** — Vite, webpack, socket.io all pass through the proxy.
+  No special config.
+- **CORS solved** — `frontend.numa` and `api.numa` share the `.numa`
+  cookie domain. Cross-service auth just works.
+- **Path routing** — `app.numa/api → :3000`, `app.numa/auth → :3001`.
+  Like nginx location blocks, zero config files.
+
+No mkcert, no nginx.conf, no Caddyfile, no editing /etc/hosts.
+Single binary, one command.
+
+```
+brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa
+# or
+cargo install numa
+```
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/dns
+
+**Title:** Numa — recursive DNS resolver from scratch in Rust, DNSSEC, no DNS libraries
+
+**Body:**
+
+I built a recursive DNS resolver where the entire wire protocol (RFC 1035 —
+headers, label compression, EDNS0) is hand-parsed. No `hickory-dns`,
+no `trust-dns`.
+
+What it does:
+- Full recursive resolver from root hints (iterative queries, no upstream needed)
+- DNSSEC chain-of-trust validation (RSA/SHA-256, ECDSA P-256, Ed25519)
+- EDNS0 with DO bit, 1232-byte payload (DNS Flag Day 2020 compliant)
+- DNS-over-HTTPS as an alternative upstream mode
+- Ad blocking (~385K+ domains via Hagezi Pro)
+- Conditional forwarding (auto-detects Tailscale/VPN split-DNS)
+- Local zones, ephemeral overrides with auto-revert via REST API
+
+DNSSEC implementation: DNSKEY/DS/RRSIG record parsing, canonical wire format
+for signed data, key tag computation (RFC 4034), DS digest verification.
+Chain walks from zone → TLD → root trust anchor. ECDSA P-256 signature
+verification in 174ns. TLD chain pre-warmed on startup. Referral DS records
+piggybacked from authority sections during resolution.
+
+NSEC/NSEC3 authenticated denial of existence: NXDOMAIN gap proofs, NSEC3
+closest encloser proofs (3-part per RFC 5155), NODATA type absence proofs,
+authority-section RRSIG verification. Iteration cap at 500 for NSEC3 DoS
+prevention.
+
+What it doesn't do (yet): no authoritative zone serving (AXFR/NOTIFY).
+
+Single binary, macOS + Linux. MIT license.
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### Lobsters (invite-only)
+
+**Title:** Numa — DNS resolver from scratch in Rust, no DNS libraries
+
+**Body:**
+
+I built a DNS resolver in Rust — RFC 1035 wire protocol parsed by hand,
+no `trust-dns` or `hickory-dns`. Started as a learning project, became
+my daily system DNS.
+
+Beyond resolving, it does local `.numa` domains with auto HTTPS reverse
+proxy (register `frontend.numa → localhost:5173`, get a green lock and
+WebSocket passthrough), and LAN service discovery via UDP multicast —
+two machines running Numa find each other's services automatically.
+
+Implementation bits I found interesting: DNS label compression (chained
+2-byte pointers back into the packet), browsers rejecting wildcard certs
+under single-label TLDs (`*.numa` fails — need per-service SANs), and
+`SO_REUSEPORT` on macOS for multiple processes binding the same multicast
+port.
+
+Set `mode = "recursive"` for DNSSEC-validated resolution from root
+nameservers — no upstream, no middleman.
+
+Single binary, macOS + Linux.
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/coolgithubprojects
+
+**Post type:** Image post with `hero-demo.gif`, GitHub link in first comment.
+
+**Title:** Numa — portable DNS resolver built from scratch in Rust. Ad blocking, local HTTPS domains, LAN discovery, recursive resolution with DNSSEC. Single binary.
+
+**First comment (post immediately):**
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+```
+brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa && sudo numa
+```
+
+No DNS libraries — RFC 1035 wire protocol parsed by hand.
+Recursive resolution from root nameservers with full DNSSEC
+chain-of-trust validation. 385K+ blocked ad domains.
+.numa local domains with auto TLS and WebSocket proxy.
+
+---
+
+### r/sideproject
+
+**Title:** I built a DNS resolver from scratch in Rust — it's now my daily system DNS
+
+**Body:**
+
+Last year I wanted to understand how DNS actually works at the wire
+level, so I started parsing RFC 1035 packets by hand. No DNS libraries,
+no trust-dns, no hickory-dns — just bytes and the spec.
+
+It turned into something I use every day. What it does now:
+
+- **Ad blocking** on any network (coffee shops, airports) — 385K+
+  domains blocked, travels with my laptop
+- **Local service naming** — `https://frontend.numa` instead of
+  `localhost:5173`, with auto-generated TLS certs and WebSocket
+  passthrough for HMR
+- **Recursive resolution** from root nameservers with DNSSEC
+  chain-of-trust validation — set `mode = "recursive"` for full
+  privacy, no upstream dependency, no single entity sees my query
+  pattern
+- **LAN discovery** — two machines running Numa find each other's
+  services automatically via mDNS
+
+Single Rust binary, ~8MB, MIT license. `sudo numa install` and it's your
+system DNS — caching, ad blocking, .numa domains, zero config changes.
+
+I wrote about the technical journey here:
+- [I Built a DNS Resolver from Scratch](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dns-from-scratch.html)
+- [Implementing DNSSEC from Scratch](https://numa.rs/blog/posts/dnssec-from-scratch.html)
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/webdev (Showoff Saturday — posted 2026-03-28)
+
+**Title:** I replaced localhost:5173 with frontend.numa — shared cookie domain, auto HTTPS, no nginx
+
+**Body:**
+
+The port numbers weren't the real problem. It was CORS between
+`localhost:5173` and `localhost:3000`, Secure cookies not setting over
+HTTP, and service workers requiring a secure context.
+
+I built a DNS resolver that gives local services named domains under a
+shared TLD:
+
+```
+curl -X POST localhost:5380/services \
+  -d '{"name":"frontend","target_port":5173}'
+```
+
+Now `https://frontend.numa` and `https://api.numa` share the `.numa`
+cookie domain. Cross-service auth just works. Secure cookies set.
+Service workers run.
+
+What's under the hood:
+- **Auto HTTPS** — generates a local CA + per-service TLS certs. Green
+  lock, no mkcert.
+- **WebSocket passthrough** — Vite/webpack HMR goes through the proxy.
+  No special config.
+- **Path routing** — `app.numa/api → :3000`, `app.numa/auth → :3001`.
+  Like nginx location blocks.
+- **Also a full DNS resolver** — forward mode with caching and ad
+  blocking by default. Set `mode = "recursive"` for full DNSSEC-validated
+  resolution from root nameservers.
+
+Single Rust binary. `sudo numa install` and it's your system DNS — caching,
+ad blocking, .numa domains. No nginx, no Caddy, no /etc/hosts.
+
+```
+brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa
+# or
+cargo install numa
+```
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+**Lessons from r/node (2026-03-24):** "Can't remember 3 ports?" got
+pushback — the CORS/cookie angle resonated more. Lead with what you
+can't do without it, not what's annoying.
+
+---
+
+### r/commandline
+
+**Title:** numa — local dev DNS with auto HTTPS and LAN service discovery, single Rust binary
+
+**Body:**
+
+I run 5-6 local services and wanted named domains with HTTPS instead of
+remembering port numbers. Built a DNS resolver that handles `.numa`
+domains:
+
+```
+curl -X POST localhost:5380/services \
+  -d '{"name":"api","target_port":8000}'
+```
+
+Now `https://api.numa` resolves, proxies to localhost:8000, and has a
+valid TLS cert. WebSocket passthrough works — Vite HMR goes through
+the proxy fine.
+
+The part I didn't expect to be useful: LAN service discovery. Two
+machines running numa find each other via UDP multicast. I register
+`api.numa` on my laptop, my teammate's numa instance picks it up
+automatically. Zero config.
+
+Also blocks ~385K+ ad domains since it's already your DNS resolver.
+Portable — works on any network (coffee shops, airports). Set
+`mode = "recursive"` for full DNSSEC-validated resolution from root
+nameservers — no upstream dependency.
+
+```
+brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa
+sudo numa
+```
+
+Single binary, DNS wire protocol parsed from scratch (no DNS libraries).
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+### r/selfhosted (only if Show HN hits front page)
+
+**Title:** Numa — recursive resolver + ad blocking + LAN service discovery in one binary
+
+**Body:**
+
+I built a DNS resolver in Rust that I've been running as my system DNS.
+Two features I'm most proud of:
+
+**Recursive resolution + DNSSEC** — set `mode = "recursive"` and it resolves
+from root nameservers, no upstream dependency. Chain-of-trust verification
+(RSA, ECDSA, Ed25519), NSEC/NSEC3 denial proofs. No single entity sees your
+full query pattern — each authoritative server only sees its zone's queries.
+
+**LAN service discovery** — I register `api.numa → localhost:8000` on my
+laptop. My colleague's machine, also running Numa, picks it up via UDP
+multicast — `api.numa` resolves to my IP on his machine. Zero config.
+
+The rest of what it does:
+- **Ad blocking** — ~385K+ domains (Hagezi Pro), portable. Works on any
+  network including coffee shops and airports.
+- **DNS-over-HTTPS** — encrypted upstream as an alternative to recursive mode.
+- **Auto HTTPS for local services** — generates a local CA + per-service
+  TLS certs. `https://frontend.numa` with a green lock, WebSocket passthrough.
+- **Hub mode** — point other devices' DNS to it, they get ad blocking +
+  `.numa` resolution without installing anything.
+
+Replaces Pi-hole + Unbound in one binary. No Raspberry Pi, no Docker, no PHP.
+
+Single binary, macOS + Linux. Config is one optional TOML file.
+
+**What it doesn't do (yet):** No web-based config editor (TOML + REST API).
+DoT listener is in progress.
+
+`brew install razvandimescu/tap/numa` or `cargo install numa`
+
+https://github.com/razvandimescu/numa
+
+---
+
+## Preparation Checklist
+
+- [ ] Verify GitHub repo is PUBLIC before any post
+- [ ] Build some comment history on posting account first
+- [ ] Post HN Tuesday-Thursday, 9-10 AM Eastern
+- [ ] Respond to every comment within 2 hours for the first 6 hours
+- [ ] Have fixes ready to ship within 24h for reported issues
+- [ ] Don't oversell the pkarr/token vision — one sentence max
+
+## Rules
+
+- Verify GitHub repo is PUBLIC before every post
+- Use an account with comment history, not a fresh one
+- Respond to every comment within 2 hours
+- Never be defensive — acknowledge valid criticism, redirect
+- If someone says "just use X" — agree it works, explain what's *uniquely different*
+- Lead with unique capabilities, not tool replacement
+
+---
+
+## Prepared Responses
+
+**"What does this offer over /etc/hosts?"** *(actual r/programare objection)*
+/etc/hosts is static and per-machine. Numa gives you: auto-revert after N
+minutes (great for testing), a REST API so scripts can create/remove entries,
+HTTPS reverse proxy with auto TLS, and LAN discovery so you don't have to
+edit hosts on every device. Different tools for different problems.
+
+**"Mature solutions already exist (dnsmasq, nginx, etc.)"** *(actual r/programare objection)*
+Absolutely — and they're great. The thing they don't do: register a service
+on machine A and have it automatically appear on machine B via multicast.
+Numa integrates DNS + reverse proxy + TLS + discovery into one binary so
+those pieces work together. If you only need DNS forwarding, dnsmasq is the
+right tool.
+
+**"Why not Pi-hole / AdGuard Home?"**
+They're network appliances — need dedicated hardware or Docker. Numa is a
+single binary on your laptop. When you move to a coffee shop, your ad
+blocking comes with you. Plus the reverse proxy + LAN discovery.
+
+**"Why from scratch / no DNS libraries?"**
+Started as a learning project to understand the wire protocol. Turned out
+having full control over the pipeline makes features like conditional
+forwarding and override injection trivial — they're just steps in the
+resolution chain.
+
+**"Vibe coded / AI generated?"**
+I use AI as a coding partner — same as using Stack Overflow or pair
+programming. I make the architecture decisions, direct what gets built,
+and review everything. The DNS wire protocol parser was the original
+learning project I wrote by hand. Later features were built collaboratively
+with AI assistance. You can read every line — nothing is opaque generated
+slop.
+
+**"Why sudo / why port 53?"**
+Port 53 requires root on Unix. Numa only needs it for the UDP socket.
+You can also bind to a high port for testing: `bind_addr = "127.0.0.1:5353"`.
+
+**"What about .numa TLD conflicts?"**
+The TLD is configurable in `numa.toml`. If `.numa` ever becomes official,
+change it to anything else.
+
+**"Does it support DoH/DoT?"**
+DoH is built in — set `address = "https://9.9.9.9/dns-query"` in
+`[upstream]` and your queries are encrypted. Or set `mode = "auto"` to
+probe root servers and fall back to DoH if blocked. DoT listener support
+is in progress (PR #25).
+
+**"But Quad9/Cloudflare still sees my queries"**
+In forward mode (the default), yes — your upstream resolver sees your queries.
+Set `mode = "recursive"` and Numa resolves directly from root nameservers —
+no single upstream sees your full query pattern. Each authoritative server
+only sees the query relevant to its zone. Add `[dnssec] enabled = true` to
+cryptographically verify responses.
+
+**"Show me benchmarks / performance numbers"** *(actual r/programare request)*
+Benchmark suite is in `benches/` (criterion). Cached round-trip: 691ns.
+Pipeline throughput: ~2.0M qps. DNSSEC: ECDSA P-256 verify 174ns, RSA/SHA-256
+10.9µs, DS verify 257ns. Cold-cache DNSSEC validation ~90ms (1 network fetch,
+TLD chain pre-warmed). Full comparison against system resolver, Quad9,
+Cloudflare, Google on the site.
+
+**"Why not just use Unbound?"**
+Numa supports recursive resolution with DNSSEC validation, same as Unbound
+(`mode = "recursive"`). The difference:
+Numa also has built-in ad blocking, a dashboard, `.numa` local domains with
+auto HTTPS, LAN service discovery, and developer overrides. Unbound does
+one thing well; Numa integrates six features into one binary.
+
+**"Why not Technitium?"**
+Technitium is the closest in features — recursive, DNSSEC, ad blocking,
+dashboard. Good tool. Two differences: (1) Numa is a single static binary,
+Technitium requires the .NET runtime; (2) Numa has developer tooling that
+Technitium doesn't — `.numa` local domains with auto TLS reverse proxy,
+path-based routing, LAN service discovery, ephemeral overrides with
+auto-revert. Different audiences: Technitium targets server admins, Numa
+targets developers on laptops.
+
+**"Does it support Windows?"**
+macOS and Linux are the primary targets. Windows has scaffolding in the code
+but is not tested. If there's demand, it's on the list.

src/ctx.rs

@@ -162,29 +162,6 @@ pub async fn handle_query(
                     resp.header.authed_data = true;
                 }
                 (resp, QueryPath::Cached, cached_dnssec)
-            } else if let Some(fwd_addr) =
-                crate::system_dns::match_forwarding_rule(&qname, &ctx.forwarding_rules)
-            {
-                // Conditional forwarding takes priority over recursive mode
-                // (e.g. Tailscale .ts.net, VPC private zones)
-                let upstream = Upstream::Udp(fwd_addr);
-                match forward_query(&query, &upstream, ctx.timeout).await {
-                    Ok(resp) => {
-                        ctx.cache.write().unwrap().insert(&qname, qtype, &resp);
-                        (resp, QueryPath::Forwarded, DnssecStatus::Indeterminate)
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        error!(
-                            "{} | {:?} {} | FORWARD ERROR | {}",
-                            src_addr, qtype, qname, e
-                        );
-                        (
-                            DnsPacket::response_from(&query, ResultCode::SERVFAIL),
-                            QueryPath::UpstreamError,
-                            DnssecStatus::Indeterminate,
-                        )
-                    }
-                }
             } else if ctx.upstream_mode == UpstreamMode::Recursive {
                 let key = (qname.clone(), qtype);
                 let (resp, path, err) = resolve_coalesced(&ctx.inflight, key, &query, || {

src/main.rs

@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ use numa::system_dns::{
     discover_system_dns, install_service, restart_service, service_status, uninstall_service,
 };
 
-const QUAD9_IP: &str = "9.9.9.9";
-const DOH_FALLBACK: &str = "https://9.9.9.9/dns-query";
-
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
     env_logger::Builder::from_env(env_logger::Env::default().default_filter_or("info"))
@@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
                     .use_rustls_tls()
                     .build()
                     .unwrap_or_default();
-                let url = DOH_FALLBACK.to_string();
+                let url = "https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query".to_string();
                 let label = url.clone();
                 (
                     numa::config::UpstreamMode::Forward,
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
                     .or_else(numa::system_dns::detect_dhcp_dns)
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         info!("could not detect system DNS, falling back to Quad9 DoH");
-                        DOH_FALLBACK.to_string()
+                        "https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query".to_string()
                     })
             } else {
                 config.upstream.address.clone()
@@ -481,14 +478,7 @@ async fn main() -> numa::Result<()> {
     #[allow(clippy::infinite_loop)]
     loop {
         let mut buffer = BytePacketBuffer::new();
-        let (_, src_addr) = match ctx.socket.recv_from(&mut buffer.buf).await {
+        let (_, src_addr) = ctx.socket.recv_from(&mut buffer.buf).await?;
-            Ok(r) => r,
-            Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset => {
-                // Windows delivers ICMP port-unreachable as ConnectionReset on UDP sockets
-                continue;
-            }
-            Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-        };
 
         let ctx = Arc::clone(&ctx);
         tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -531,7 +521,7 @@ async fn network_watch_loop(ctx: Arc<numa::ctx::ServerCtx>) {
             let new_addr = dns_info
                 .default_upstream
                 .or_else(numa::system_dns::detect_dhcp_dns)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| QUAD9_IP.to_string());
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "9.9.9.9".to_string());
             if let Ok(new_sock) =
                 format!("{}:{}", new_addr, ctx.upstream_port).parse::<SocketAddr>()
             {

src/srtt.rs

@@ -47,19 +47,16 @@ impl SrttCache {
 
     /// Apply time-based decay: each DECAY_AFTER_SECS period halves distance to INITIAL.
     fn decayed_srtt(entry: &SrttEntry) -> u64 {
-        Self::decay_for_age(entry.srtt_ms, entry.updated_at.elapsed().as_secs())
+        let age_secs = entry.updated_at.elapsed().as_secs();
-    }
-
-    fn decay_for_age(srtt_ms: u64, age_secs: u64) -> u64 {
         if age_secs > DECAY_AFTER_SECS {
             let periods = (age_secs / DECAY_AFTER_SECS).min(8);
-            let mut srtt = srtt_ms;
+            let mut srtt = entry.srtt_ms;
             for _ in 0..periods {
                 srtt = (srtt + INITIAL_SRTT_MS) / 2;
             }
             srtt
         } else {
-            srtt_ms
+            entry.srtt_ms
         }
     }
 
@@ -119,6 +116,13 @@ impl SrttCache {
         self.entries.is_empty()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn set_updated_at(&mut self, ip: IpAddr, at: Instant) {
+        if let Some(entry) = self.entries.get_mut(&ip) {
+            entry.updated_at = at;
+        }
+    }
+
     fn maybe_evict(&mut self) {
         if self.entries.len() < MAX_ENTRIES {
             return;
@@ -214,41 +218,63 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(addrs, original);
     }
 
+    fn age(secs: u64) -> Instant {
+        Instant::now() - std::time::Duration::from_secs(secs)
+    }
+
+    /// Cache with ip(1) saturated at FAILURE_PENALTY_MS
+    fn saturated_penalty_cache() -> SrttCache {
+        let mut cache = SrttCache::new(true);
+        for _ in 0..30 {
+            cache.record_rtt(ip(1), FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, false);
+        }
+        cache
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn no_decay_within_threshold() {
-        // At exactly DECAY_AFTER_SECS, no decay applied
+        let mut cache = SrttCache::new(true);
-        let result = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS);
+        cache.record_rtt(ip(1), 5000, false);
-        assert_eq!(result, FAILURE_PENALTY_MS);
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS));
+        assert_eq!(cache.get(ip(1)), cache.entries[&ip(1)].srtt_ms);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn one_decay_period() {
-        let result = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS + 1);
+        let mut cache = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        let expected = (FAILURE_PENALTY_MS + INITIAL_SRTT_MS) / 2;
+        let raw = cache.entries[&ip(1)].srtt_ms;
-        assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS + 1));
+        let expected = (raw + INITIAL_SRTT_MS) / 2;
+        assert_eq!(cache.get(ip(1)), expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn multiple_decay_periods() {
-        let result = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 4 + 1);
+        let mut cache = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        let mut expected = FAILURE_PENALTY_MS;
+        let raw = cache.entries[&ip(1)].srtt_ms;
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 4 + 1));
+        let mut expected = raw;
         for _ in 0..4 {
             expected = (expected + INITIAL_SRTT_MS) / 2;
         }
-        assert_eq!(result, expected);
+        assert_eq!(cache.get(ip(1)), expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn decay_caps_at_8_periods() {
         // 9 periods and 100 periods should produce the same result (capped at 8)
-        let a = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 9 + 1);
+        let mut cache_a = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        let b = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100);
+        let mut cache_b = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        assert_eq!(a, b);
+        cache_a.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 9 + 1));
+        cache_b.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100));
+        assert_eq!(cache_a.get(ip(1)), cache_b.get(ip(1)));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn decay_converges_toward_initial() {
-        let decayed = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100);
+        let mut cache = saturated_penalty_cache();
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100));
+        let decayed = cache.get(ip(1));
         let diff = decayed.abs_diff(INITIAL_SRTT_MS);
         assert!(
             diff < 25,
@@ -260,28 +286,29 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn record_rtt_applies_decay_before_ewma() {
-        // Verify decay is applied before EWMA in record_rtt by checking
+        let mut cache = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        // that a saturated penalty + long age + new sample produces a low SRTT
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 8));
-        let decayed = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 8);
+        cache.record_rtt(ip(1), 50, false);
-        // EWMA: (decayed * 7 + 50) / 8
+        let srtt = cache.get(ip(1));
-        let after_ewma = (decayed * 7 + 50) / 8;
+        // Without decay-before-EWMA, result would be ~(5000*7+50)/8 ≈ 4381
-        assert!(
+        assert!(srtt < 500, "expected decay before EWMA, got srtt={}", srtt);
-            after_ewma < 500,
-            "expected decay before EWMA, got srtt={}",
-            after_ewma
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn decay_reranks_stale_failures() {
-        // After enough decay, a failed server (5000ms) converges toward
+        let mut cache = saturated_penalty_cache();
-        // INITIAL (200ms), which is below a stable server at 300ms
+        for _ in 0..30 {
-        let decayed = SrttCache::decay_for_age(FAILURE_PENALTY_MS, DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100);
+            cache.record_rtt(ip(2), 300, false);
-        assert!(
+        }
-            decayed < 300,
+        let mut addrs = vec![sock(1), sock(2)];
-            "expected decayed penalty ({}) < 300ms",
+        cache.sort_by_rtt(&mut addrs);
-            decayed
+        assert_eq!(addrs, vec![sock(2), sock(1)]);
-        );
+
+        // Age server 1 so it decays toward INITIAL (200ms) — below server 2's 300ms
+        cache.set_updated_at(ip(1), age(DECAY_AFTER_SECS * 100));
+        let mut addrs = vec![sock(1), sock(2)];
+        cache.sort_by_rtt(&mut addrs);
+        assert_eq!(addrs, vec![sock(1), sock(2)]);
     }
 
     #[test]

src/system_dns.rs

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ fn discover_windows() -> SystemDnsInfo {
         if trimmed.contains("DNS Servers") || trimmed.contains("DNS-Server") {
             if let Some(ip) = trimmed.split(':').next_back() {
                 let ip = ip.trim();
-                if ip.parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().is_ok() && !is_loopback_or_stub(ip) {
+                if !is_loopback_or_stub(ip) {
                     upstream = Some(ip.to_string());
                     break;
                 }
@@ -358,339 +358,6 @@ fn discover_windows() -> SystemDnsInfo {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(windows, test))]
-#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct WindowsInterfaceDns {
-    dhcp: bool,
-    servers: Vec<String>,
-}
-
-#[cfg(any(windows, test))]
-fn parse_ipconfig_interfaces(text: &str) -> std::collections::HashMap<String, WindowsInterfaceDns> {
-    let mut interfaces = std::collections::HashMap::new();
-    let mut current_adapter: Option<String> = None;
-    let mut current_dhcp = false;
-    let mut current_dns: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    let mut in_dns_block = false;
-    let mut disconnected = false;
-
-    for line in text.lines() {
-        let trimmed = line.trim();
-
-        // Adapter section headers start at column 0
-        if !trimmed.is_empty() && !line.starts_with(' ') && !line.starts_with('\t') {
-            if let Some(name) = current_adapter.take() {
-                if !disconnected {
-                    interfaces.insert(
-                        name,
-                        WindowsInterfaceDns {
-                            dhcp: current_dhcp,
-                            servers: std::mem::take(&mut current_dns),
-                        },
-                    );
-                }
-                current_dns.clear();
-            }
-            in_dns_block = false;
-            current_dhcp = false;
-            disconnected = false;
-
-            // "XXX adapter YYY:" (English) / "XXX Adapter YYY:" (German)
-            let lower = trimmed.to_lowercase();
-            if let Some(pos) = lower.find(" adapter ") {
-                let after = &trimmed[pos + " adapter ".len()..];
-                let name = after.trim_end_matches(':').trim();
-                if !name.is_empty() {
-                    current_adapter = Some(name.to_string());
-                }
-            }
-        } else if current_adapter.is_some() {
-            if trimmed.contains("Media disconnected") || trimmed.contains("Medienstatus") {
-                disconnected = true;
-            } else if trimmed.contains("DHCP") && trimmed.contains(". .") {
-                current_dhcp = trimmed
-                    .split(':')
-                    .next_back()
-                    .map(|v| {
-                        let v = v.trim().to_lowercase();
-                        v == "yes" || v == "ja"
-                    })
-                    .unwrap_or(false);
-                in_dns_block = false;
-            } else if trimmed.contains("DNS Servers") || trimmed.contains("DNS-Server") {
-                in_dns_block = true;
-                if let Some(ip) = trimmed.split(':').next_back() {
-                    let ip = ip.trim();
-                    if ip.parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().is_ok() {
-                        current_dns.push(ip.to_string());
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if in_dns_block {
-                if trimmed.parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().is_ok() {
-                    current_dns.push(trimmed.to_string());
-                } else {
-                    in_dns_block = false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if let Some(name) = current_adapter {
-        if !disconnected {
-            interfaces.insert(
-                name,
-                WindowsInterfaceDns {
-                    dhcp: current_dhcp,
-                    servers: current_dns,
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    interfaces
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn get_windows_interfaces() -> Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, WindowsInterfaceDns>, String>
-{
-    let output = std::process::Command::new("ipconfig")
-        .arg("/all")
-        .output()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to run ipconfig /all: {}", e))?;
-    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
-    Ok(parse_ipconfig_interfaces(&text))
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn windows_backup_path() -> std::path::PathBuf {
-    // Use ProgramData (not APPDATA) since install requires admin elevation
-    // and APPDATA differs between user and admin contexts.
-    std::path::PathBuf::from(
-        std::env::var("PROGRAMDATA").unwrap_or_else(|_| "C:\\ProgramData".into()),
-    )
-    .join("numa")
-    .join("original-dns.json")
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn disable_dnscache() -> Result<bool, String> {
-    // Check if Dnscache is running (it holds port 53 at kernel level)
-    let output = std::process::Command::new("sc")
-        .args(["query", "Dnscache"])
-        .output()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to query Dnscache: {}", e))?;
-    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
-    if !text.contains("RUNNING") {
-        return Ok(false);
-    }
-
-    eprintln!("  Disabling DNS Client (Dnscache) to free port 53...");
-    // Dnscache can't be stopped via sc/net stop — must disable via registry
-    let status = std::process::Command::new("reg")
-        .args([
-            "add",
-            "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Dnscache",
-            "/v",
-            "Start",
-            "/t",
-            "REG_DWORD",
-            "/d",
-            "4",
-            "/f",
-        ])
-        .status()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to disable Dnscache: {}", e))?;
-
-    if !status.success() {
-        return Err("failed to disable Dnscache via registry (run as Administrator?)".into());
-    }
-
-    eprintln!("  Dnscache disabled. A reboot is required to free port 53.");
-    Ok(true)
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn enable_dnscache() {
-    let _ = std::process::Command::new("reg")
-        .args([
-            "add",
-            "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Dnscache",
-            "/v",
-            "Start",
-            "/t",
-            "REG_DWORD",
-            "/d",
-            "2",
-            "/f",
-        ])
-        .status();
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn install_windows() -> Result<(), String> {
-    let interfaces = get_windows_interfaces()?;
-    if interfaces.is_empty() {
-        return Err("no active network interfaces found".to_string());
-    }
-
-    let path = windows_backup_path();
-    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to create {}: {}", parent.display(), e))?;
-    }
-    let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&interfaces)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to serialize backup: {}", e))?;
-    std::fs::write(&path, json).map_err(|e| format!("failed to write backup: {}", e))?;
-
-    for name in interfaces.keys() {
-        let status = std::process::Command::new("netsh")
-            .args([
-                "interface",
-                "ipv4",
-                "set",
-                "dnsservers",
-                name,
-                "static",
-                "127.0.0.1",
-                "primary",
-            ])
-            .status()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to set DNS for {}: {}", name, e))?;
-
-        if status.success() {
-            eprintln!("  set DNS for \"{}\" -> 127.0.0.1", name);
-        } else {
-            eprintln!(
-                "  warning: failed to set DNS for \"{}\" (run as Administrator?)",
-                name
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    let needs_reboot = disable_dnscache()?;
-    register_autostart();
-
-    eprintln!("\n  Original DNS saved to {}", path.display());
-    eprintln!("  Run 'numa uninstall' to restore.\n");
-    if needs_reboot {
-        eprintln!("  *** Reboot required. Numa will start automatically. ***\n");
-    } else {
-        eprintln!("  Numa will start automatically on next boot.\n");
-    }
-    eprintln!("  Want full DNS sovereignty? Add to numa.toml:");
-    eprintln!("    [upstream]");
-    eprintln!("    mode = \"recursive\"\n");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Register numa to auto-start on boot via registry Run key.
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn register_autostart() {
-    let exe = std::env::current_exe()
-        .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "numa".into());
-    let _ = std::process::Command::new("reg")
-        .args([
-            "add",
-            "HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run",
-            "/v",
-            "Numa",
-            "/t",
-            "REG_SZ",
-            "/d",
-            &exe,
-            "/f",
-        ])
-        .status();
-    eprintln!("  Registered auto-start on boot.");
-}
-
-/// Remove numa auto-start registry key.
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn remove_autostart() {
-    let _ = std::process::Command::new("reg")
-        .args([
-            "delete",
-            "HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run",
-            "/v",
-            "Numa",
-            "/f",
-        ])
-        .status();
-}
-
-#[cfg(windows)]
-fn uninstall_windows() -> Result<(), String> {
-    remove_autostart();
-    let path = windows_backup_path();
-    let json = std::fs::read_to_string(&path)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("no backup found at {}: {}", path.display(), e))?;
-    let original: std::collections::HashMap<String, WindowsInterfaceDns> =
-        serde_json::from_str(&json).map_err(|e| format!("invalid backup file: {}", e))?;
-
-    for (name, dns_info) in &original {
-        if dns_info.dhcp || dns_info.servers.is_empty() {
-            let status = std::process::Command::new("netsh")
-                .args(["interface", "ipv4", "set", "dnsservers", name, "dhcp"])
-                .status()
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to restore DNS for {}: {}", name, e))?;
-
-            if status.success() {
-                eprintln!("  restored DNS for \"{}\" -> DHCP", name);
-            } else {
-                eprintln!("  warning: failed to restore DNS for \"{}\"", name);
-            }
-        } else {
-            let status = std::process::Command::new("netsh")
-                .args([
-                    "interface",
-                    "ipv4",
-                    "set",
-                    "dnsservers",
-                    name,
-                    "static",
-                    &dns_info.servers[0],
-                    "primary",
-                ])
-                .status()
-                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to restore DNS for {}: {}", name, e))?;
-
-            if !status.success() {
-                eprintln!("  warning: failed to restore primary DNS for \"{}\"", name);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            for (i, server) in dns_info.servers.iter().skip(1).enumerate() {
-                let _ = std::process::Command::new("netsh")
-                    .args([
-                        "interface",
-                        "ipv4",
-                        "add",
-                        "dnsservers",
-                        name,
-                        server,
-                        &format!("index={}", i + 2),
-                    ])
-                    .status();
-            }
-
-            eprintln!(
-                "  restored DNS for \"{}\" -> {}",
-                name,
-                dns_info.servers.join(", ")
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::fs::remove_file(&path).ok();
-
-    // Re-enable Dnscache
-    enable_dnscache();
-    eprintln!("\n  System DNS restored. DNS Client re-enabled.");
-    eprintln!("  Reboot to fully restore the DNS Client service.\n");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Find the upstream for a domain by checking forwarding rules.
 /// Returns None if no rule matches (use default upstream).
 /// Zero-allocation on the hot path — dot_suffix is pre-computed.
@@ -776,7 +443,7 @@ fn install_macos() -> Result<(), String> {
         .map_err(|e| format!("failed to serialize backup: {}", e))?;
     std::fs::write(backup_path(), json).map_err(|e| format!("failed to write backup: {}", e))?;
 
-    // Set DNS to 127.0.0.1 and add "numa" search domain for each service
+    // Set DNS to 127.0.0.1 for each service
     for service in &services {
         let status = std::process::Command::new("networksetup")
             .args(["-setdnsservers", service, "127.0.0.1"])
@@ -788,11 +455,6 @@ fn install_macos() -> Result<(), String> {
         } else {
             eprintln!("  warning: failed to set DNS for \"{}\"", service);
         }
-
-        // Add "numa" as search domain so browsers resolve .numa without trailing slash
-        let _ = std::process::Command::new("networksetup")
-            .args(["-setsearchdomains", service, "numa"])
-            .status();
     }
 
     eprintln!("\n  Original DNS saved to {}", backup_path().display());
@@ -837,11 +499,6 @@ fn uninstall_macos() -> Result<(), String> {
         } else {
             eprintln!("  warning: failed to restore DNS for \"{}\"", service);
         }
-
-        // Clear the "numa" search domain
-        let _ = std::process::Command::new("networksetup")
-            .args(["-setsearchdomains", service, "Empty"])
-            .status();
     }
 
     std::fs::remove_file(&path).ok();
@@ -865,9 +522,7 @@ pub fn install_service() -> Result<(), String> {
     let result = install_service_macos();
     #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
     let result = install_service_linux();
-    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux")))]
-    let result = install_windows();
-    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", windows)))]
     let result = Err::<(), String>("service installation not supported on this OS".to_string());
 
     if result.is_ok() {
@@ -891,11 +546,7 @@ pub fn uninstall_service() -> Result<(), String> {
     {
         uninstall_service_linux()
     }
-    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux")))]
-    {
-        uninstall_windows()
-    }
-    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", windows)))]
     {
         Err("service uninstallation not supported on this OS".to_string())
     }
@@ -1102,7 +753,7 @@ fn install_linux() -> Result<(), String> {
         let drop_in = resolved_dir.join("numa.conf");
         std::fs::write(
             &drop_in,
-            "[Resolve]\nDNS=127.0.0.1\nDomains=~. numa\nDNSStubListener=no\n",
+            "[Resolve]\nDNS=127.0.0.1\nDomains=~.\nDNSStubListener=no\n",
         )
         .map_err(|e| format!("failed to write {}: {}", drop_in.display(), e))?;
 
@@ -1140,7 +791,7 @@ fn install_linux() -> Result<(), String> {
     }
 
     let content =
-        "# Generated by Numa — run 'sudo numa uninstall' to restore\nnameserver 127.0.0.1\nsearch numa\n";
+        "# Generated by Numa — run 'sudo numa uninstall' to restore\nnameserver 127.0.0.1\n";
     std::fs::write(resolv, content)
         .map_err(|e| format!("failed to write /etc/resolv.conf: {}", e))?;
 
@@ -1376,57 +1027,3 @@ fn untrust_ca() -> Result<(), String> {
     let _ = ca_path; // suppress unused warning on other platforms
     Ok(())
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_ipconfig_dhcp_and_static() {
-        let sample = "\
-Ethernet adapter Ethernet:
-
-   DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
-   DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 8.8.8.8
-                                        8.8.4.4
-
-Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:
-
-   DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
-   DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 1.1.1.1
-";
-        let result = parse_ipconfig_interfaces(sample);
-        assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(
-            result["Ethernet"],
-            WindowsInterfaceDns {
-                dhcp: true,
-                servers: vec!["8.8.8.8".into(), "8.8.4.4".into()],
-            }
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            result["Wi-Fi"],
-            WindowsInterfaceDns {
-                dhcp: false,
-                servers: vec!["1.1.1.1".into()],
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_ipconfig_skips_disconnected() {
-        let sample = "\
-Ethernet adapter Ethernet 2:
-
-   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
-
-Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:
-
-   DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
-   DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
-";
-        let result = parse_ipconfig_interfaces(sample);
-        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
-        assert!(result.contains_key("Wi-Fi"));
-    }
-}